Wang Kang, Ren Kaizheng, Luo Yuheng, Zheng Ping, Mao Xiangbing, Yan Hui, Wang Quyuan, He Jun
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf057.
Cottonseed meal (CSM) is abundant in proteins that have the potential to substitute for conventionally utilized protein supplements for animals. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors in CSM, particularly free gossypol, has limited its application. This study evaluated the nutritional value of a cottonseed protein isolate (CPI) derived from CSM using an alkaline extraction and acid precipitation process and explored its effect on intestinal health in growing pigs. 32 Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire castrated male pigs (initial body weight 19 ± 2 kg) were divided into 4 treatment groups: nitrogen-free diet, corn-soybean meal diet (CSD), cottonseed meal diet (CSMD, where CSM replaced 35% of the nitrogen in CSD), CPI diet (CPID, where CPI replaced 35% of the nitrogen in CSD). Our study revealed that, as compared to the CSM, the CPI exhibited significantly higher crude protein content and lower levels of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and free gossypol (P < 0.01). Interestingly, CPI feeding significantly decreased the ratio of gain to feed (G:F) in growing pigs (P = 0.012). Moreover, CPI also showed an improved apparent and true digestibility of protein, as well as enhanced nitrogen utilization in growing pigs (P < 0.05). The metabolizable energy of CPI was significantly higher than that of CSM (P < 0.01). Additionally, CPI showed higher apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility for amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine (P < 0.05). Importantly, CPI feeding improved the intestinal health in pigs as indicated by increases in villus height and digestive enzyme activities (P < 0.05), as well as increases in the production of short-chain fatty acid and beneficial microbiota (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10). The results not only showed an improved quality of CPI as compared to the CSM but also indicated a beneficial effect of CPI on growth performance and intestinal health in growing pigs. These attributes should make it an attractive candidate to substitute for conventionally utilized protein supplements like soybean meal.
棉籽粕（CSM）富含蛋白质，有潜力替代动物常用的蛋白质补充剂。然而，CSM中存在抗营养因子，尤其是游离棉酚，限制了其应用。本研究评估了采用碱提取和酸沉淀工艺从CSM中提取的棉籽分离蛋白（CPI）的营养价值，并探讨了其对生长猪肠道健康的影响。32头杜洛克-长白-约克夏去势公猪（初始体重19±2千克）被分为4个处理组：无氮日粮组、玉米-豆粕日粮组（CSD）、棉籽粕日粮组（CSMD，其中CSM替代了CSD中35%的氮）、棉籽分离蛋白日粮组（CPID，其中CPI替代了CSD中35%的氮）。我们的研究表明，与CSM相比，CPI的粗蛋白含量显著更高，而粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和游离棉酚水平更低（P<0.01）。有趣的是，饲喂CPI显著降低了生长猪的料重比（G:F）（P=0.012）。此外，CPI还提高了生长猪蛋白质的表观消化率和真消化率，以及氮利用率（P<0.05）。CPI的代谢能显著高于CSM（P<0.01）。此外，CPI对精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丝氨酸等氨基酸的回肠表观消化率和标准化回肠消化率更高（P<0.05）。重要的是，饲喂CPI改善了猪的肠道健康，表现为绒毛高度和消化酶活性增加（P<0.05），以及短链脂肪酸和有益微生物群的产生增加（0.05≤P<0.10）。结果不仅表明与CSM相比CPI质量有所提高，还表明CPI对生长猪的生长性能和肠道健康有有益影响。这些特性应使其成为替代豆粕等常用蛋白质补充剂的有吸引力的候选物。
