EghbalManesh Azadeh, Ebadi Abbas, Zoladl Mohammad, Rasoul Zadeh Haghighi Zahra
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Nursing Care Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Psychol. 2025 Feb 18;16:1472259. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1472259. eCollection 2025.
ECT is one of the most effective treatments for psychiatric patients. The results of several studies have reported ECT-related anxiety, which makes the patients ignore the advantages of the treatment and subsequently avoid it. Adopting an appropriate instrument to evaluate and manage this anxiety is so significant. Since there is no valid questionnaire to assess the patients' anxiety for ECT in Persian, we aimed to translate the EARQ into Persian and evaluate its validity and reliability in the present study.
In this methodological study, 170 patients with MDD, BMD, and schizophrenia aged 20-73 were recruited through convenience sampling and completed the 17-item EARQ in 2023. We used all aspects of face, content, and construct validity for the questionnaire. McDonald's Omega was calculated for the domains and 17 items to assess the reliability of the questionnaire.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed three factors, death anxiety, physical concern, and mental concern. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated moderate fit indices to support the three domains: CMIN/DF = 4.8 ( < 0/05), RMSEA = 0.152, CFI = 0.92, and NFI = 0.91; GFI = 0.72. In our study, McDonald's Omega was 0.965 for death anxiety, 0.91 for physical concerns, 0.964 for brain concerns, and a total of 0.98.
The EARQ has acceptable validity and reliability, so specialists can use it to assess patients' anxiety before ECT and, according to the score, use suitable interventions to eliminate it.
电休克疗法（ECT）是治疗精神疾病患者最有效的方法之一。多项研究结果报告了与ECT相关的焦虑，这使得患者忽视了该治疗方法的优势，进而回避它。采用合适的工具来评估和管理这种焦虑非常重要。由于没有有效的波斯语问卷来评估患者对ECT的焦虑，我们旨在将《电休克治疗焦虑量表》（EARQ）翻译成波斯语，并在本研究中评估其有效性和可靠性。
在这项方法学研究中，通过便利抽样招募了170名年龄在20 - 73岁之间的重度抑郁症（MDD）、双相情感障碍（BMD）和精神分裂症患者，并于2023年让他们完成了17项的EARQ。我们从表面效度、内容效度和结构效度的各个方面对问卷进行了评估。计算了麦克唐纳ω系数以评估问卷各领域及17个项目的可靠性。
探索性和验证性因素分析揭示了三个因素，即死亡焦虑、身体担忧和精神担忧。验证性因素分析表明适度的拟合指数支持这三个领域：卡方值与自由度之比（CMIN/DF）= 4.8（< 0.05），近似误差均方根（RMSEA）= 0.152，比较拟合指数（CFI）= 0.92，规范拟合指数（NFI）= 0.91；拟合优度指数（GFI）= 0.72。在我们的研究中，死亡焦虑的麦克唐纳ω系数为0.965，身体担忧为0.91，精神担忧为0.964，总体为0.98。
EARQ具有可接受的有效性和可靠性，因此专家可以使用它来评估患者在ECT治疗前的焦虑，并根据得分采用合适的干预措施来消除焦虑。
