Dahl Victor N, Pedersen Andreas A, van Ingen Jakko, Andersen Aase B, Lillebaek Troels, Wejse Christian M
International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
ERJ Open Res. 2025 Mar 3;11(2). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00437-2024. eCollection 2025 Mar.
We investigated age, sex and geographical differences in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) incidence in Denmark.
A nationwide register-based study of all patients with NTM isolates in Denmark from 1991 to 2022 based on centralised microbiological data from the International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate incidence rates (IRs) and rate ratios (IRRs).
4123 patients had NTM isolated for the first time. Their median age was 59 years (interquartile range 33-72), which increased over time. Males were younger than females. The proportion of females increased significantly over time. The type of NTM and patient age were closely associated. Pulmonary NTM isolation was increasingly common with higher age, while extrapulmonary NTM isolation was mainly seen in small children. Pulmonary NTM IRs were almost twice as high for females in 2008-2022 compared to 1991-2007 (IRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7-2.1, p<0.001), with increases mainly seen in older age groups. The increase was less pronounced for males (IRR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.4, p<0.001). There were considerable geographical differences, with age- and sex-adjusted NTM IRs being 10-40% higher in countryside, provincial and catchment municipalities than in the capital.
Age, sex and geography are essential determinants in NTM epidemiology. We found that rates of pulmonary NTM have been increasing, particularly in older females, while changes for males were less pronounced. Finally, we observed considerable geographical differences in NTM IRs in Denmark, with higher rates in less populated municipalities.
我们调查了丹麦非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）发病率的年龄、性别和地理差异。
基于丹麦哥本哈根国家血清研究所分枝杆菌国际参考实验室的集中微生物学数据，对1991年至2022年丹麦所有分离出NTM的患者进行了一项全国性的基于登记的研究。使用泊松回归模型计算发病率（IRs）和率比（IRRs）。
4123例患者首次分离出NTM。他们的中位年龄为59岁（四分位间距33 - 72岁），且随时间增加。男性比女性年轻。女性比例随时间显著增加。NTM类型与患者年龄密切相关。肺部NTM分离在年龄较大时越来越常见，而肺外NTM分离主要见于幼儿。2008 - 2022年女性肺部NTM发病率几乎是1991 - 2007年的两倍（IRR 1.9，95% CI 1.7 - 2.1，p<0.001），主要在老年人群中增加。男性增加不太明显（IRR 1.3，95% CI 1.1 - 1.4，p<0.001）。存在相当大的地理差异，农村、省级和集水区直辖市年龄和性别调整后的NTM发病率比首都高10% - 40%。
年龄、性别和地理位置是非结核分枝杆菌流行病学的重要决定因素。我们发现肺部NTM发病率一直在上升，特别是在老年女性中，而男性的变化不太明显。最后，我们观察到丹麦NTM发病率存在相当大的地理差异，人口较少的直辖市发病率较高。
