Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2023 Dec;44(4):675-721. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.08.012. Epub 2023 Sep 21.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolation and pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) have continued to increase in most regions of the world, driven mainly by Mycobacterium avium. Single-center studies also support increasing trends as well as a persistent burden of undiagnosed NTM among persons suspected of having tuberculosis (TB), in countries with moderate-to-high TB prevalence. Cumulative exposure to water and soil presents an increased risk to susceptible hosts, and trace metals in water supply are recently recognized risk factors. Establishing standard case definitions for subnational and national surveillance systems with mandatory notification of NTM-PD are needed to allow comparisons within and across countries and regions.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的分离和肺部疾病（NTM-PD）在世界大多数地区持续增加，主要由鸟分枝杆菌驱动。单中心研究也支持这一趋势，以及在中高度结核病流行的国家中，疑似结核病（TB）患者中未确诊的 NTM 持续存在的负担。接触水和土壤的累积暴露使易感宿主面临更高的风险，而供水中的痕量金属最近被认为是危险因素。需要为国家和次国家监测系统制定标准病例定义，并强制通报 NTM-PD，以便在国家和地区内部和之间进行比较。
