Kakavas Georgios, Tsiokanos Athanasios, Potoupnis Michael, Tsaklis Panagiotis
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, ErgoMechLab, Greece University of Thessaly.
Athens Greece Fysiotek Spine & Sports Lab.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2025 Mar 1;20(3):384-391. doi: 10.26603/001c.129460. eCollection 2025.
Soccer is a contact sport during which participants risk injury, including due to concussion. Interestingly, the task most frequently associated with concussions is the act of heading the ball. This study seeks to answer the following research question: Does an acute playing of purposeful soccer heading in female football players lead to changes in BESS normative outcomes and balance? Additionally, we aim to explore the relationship between a gold-standard BESS Test and a Balance Test performed on a force plate.
This project involved twenty-eight female soccer players (age = 19.6 + 2.96 years, mass = 60.4+ 5.3 kg, and height = 163.6 + 6.4 cm). pre and post the heading condition and the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The participants were healthy and underwent BESS monitoring on a force plate before and after heading and footing training. Standard 450 g soccer balls were utilized. Participants performed ten headers for the header condition and ten footers for the footer condition. Resultant sway velocity and BESS error outcomes were calculated before and after heading and footing training. I need a brief description of the statistical approach here.
Statistically significant increases after the heading condition were found for Single Leg Stance (COP PATH) score (Z = -3.986, p = 0.000), BESS score on foam surface (Z = -2.511, p = 0.012), BESS score on firm surface (Z = -2.353, p = 0.019). A statistically significant increase after the footer condition was found for the Tandem Stance (mm2) score (Z = -2.900, p = 0.004). A statistically significant difference between the group conditions was found in the post-BESS score foam difference (U = 268.500, p = 0.042). BESS score foam mean increase was 1.93 after the heading condition and 0.21 after the footer condition.
This pilot study not only tests the feasibility of using force plates to measure BESS outcomes after heading in female soccer but also underscores the effectiveness of using BESS parameters to evaluate changes in balance function following heading compared to a control footer condition. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the potential effects of soccer on balance in female players, contributing to the body of knowledge in sports medicine and physical education.
足球是一项接触性运动，参与者有受伤风险，包括因脑震荡而受伤。有趣的是，与脑震荡最常相关的任务是头球动作。本研究旨在回答以下研究问题：在女足运动员中急性进行有目的的足球头球是否会导致平衡误差得分（BESS）标准结果和平衡的变化？此外，我们旨在探讨标准BESS测试与在测力板上进行的平衡测试之间的关系。
本项目涉及28名女足运动员（年龄=19.6±2.96岁，体重=60.4±5.3千克，身高=163.6±6.4厘米）。在头球条件前后以及威尔科克森符号秩检验的结果。参与者身体健康，在头球和脚踢训练前后在测力板上接受BESS监测。使用标准的450克足球。参与者在头球条件下进行10次头球，在脚踢条件下进行10次脚踢。在头球和脚踢训练前后计算合成摇摆速度和BESS误差结果。这里需要对统计方法进行简要描述。
在头球条件后，单腿站立（COP路径）得分（Z=-3.986，p=0.000）、泡沫表面BESS得分（Z=-2.511，p=0.012）、坚实表面BESS得分（Z=-2.353，p=0.019）有统计学显著增加。在脚踢条件后，串联站立（平方毫米）得分（Z=-2.900，p=0.004）有统计学显著增加。在BESS得分泡沫差异后，组间条件存在统计学显著差异（U=268.500，p=0.042）。头球条件后BESS得分泡沫平均增加1.93，脚踢条件后为0.21。
这项初步研究不仅测试了使用测力板测量女足头球后BESS结果的可行性，还强调了与对照脚踢条件相比，使用BESS参数评估头球后平衡功能变化的有效性。本研究结果为足球对女运动员平衡的潜在影响提供了有价值的见解，为运动医学和体育教育知识体系做出了贡献。
3级。
