Mao Ling, Guo Cen, Niu Liang-Zhong, Wang Yu-Jiao, Jin Guihua, Yang Yi-Zhou, Qian Ke-Cheng, Yang Yang, Zhang Xuemei, Ma Peng-Fei, Li De-Zhu, Guo Zhen-Hua
Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Plant Divers. 2024 Oct 25;47(1):68-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.10.004. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Rapid growth is an innovative trait of woody bamboos that has been widely studied. However, the genetic basis and evolution of this trait are poorly understood. Taking advantage of genomic resources of 11 representative bamboos at different ploidal levels, we integrated morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic datasets to investigate rapid growth. In particular, these bamboos include two large-sized and a small-sized woody species, compared with a diploid herbaceous species. Our results showed that gibberellin A1 was important for the rapid shoot growth of the world's largest bamboo, , and indicated that two gibberellins (GAs)-related genes, and , were key to the rapid shoot growth and culm size in woody bamboos. The expression of GAs-related genes exhibited significant subgenome asymmetry with subgenomes A and C demonstrating expression dominance in the large-sized woody bamboos while the generally submissive subgenomes B and D dominating in the small-sized species. The subgenome asymmetry was found to be correlated with the subgenome-specific gene structure, particularly UTRs and core promoters. Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism and evolution of rapid shoot growth following allopolyploidization in woody bamboos, particularly via subgenome asymmetry. These findings are helpful for understanding of how polyploidization in general and subgenome asymmetry in particular contributed to the origin of innovative traits in plants.
快速生长是木本竹类的一个创新特性，已得到广泛研究。然而，这一特性的遗传基础和进化过程却鲜为人知。利用11种不同倍性水平的代表性竹子的基因组资源，我们整合了形态学、生理学和转录组数据集来研究快速生长。具体而言，这些竹子包括两个大型和一个小型木本物种，并与一个二倍体草本物种进行了比较。我们的结果表明，赤霉素A1对世界上最大的竹子的笋快速生长很重要，并且表明两个与赤霉素（GAs）相关的基因，和，是木本竹类笋快速生长和秆大小的关键。与GAs相关基因的表达表现出显著的亚基因组不对称性，亚基因组A和C在大型木本竹子中表现出表达优势，而通常较为“顺从”的亚基因组B和D在小型物种中占主导地位。发现亚基因组不对称性与亚基因组特异性基因结构相关，特别是非翻译区（UTRs）和核心启动子。我们的研究为木本竹类异源多倍体化后笋快速生长的分子机制和进化提供了新的见解，特别是通过亚基因组不对称性。这些发现有助于理解多倍体化尤其是亚基因组不对称性如何促成植物创新性状的起源。
