Hazra Shrobana, Parida Swayam Pragyan, Giri Prajna Paramita, Behera Binod Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
Front Public Health. 2025 Feb 19;13:1465169. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1465169. eCollection 2025.
Nutrition and food security have been a development priority for decades and remain a major challenge for developing nations like India. Although agriculture is the dominant occupation in India, the rural populations experience poor nutritional outcomes and lag in socio-economic progress. More than half of the Indian women (15-49 years) are anaemic & one-third of the children are stunted. Nutrition-sensitive agricultural practices such as kitchen garden have proven as sustainable methods for reducing undernutrition at affordable costs in different regions. This study aimed to see the relationship between kitchen garden and dietary diversity by using DDS (Dietary Diversity Score) scale in Odisha, India.
To assess the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and backyard kitchen garden & other socio-economic (SE) factors and to explore the enablers & barriers associated with developing a kitchen garden (KG) in rural households of Odisha, India.
The study used simple random sampling to select 150 participants (WRA group: women of reproductive age) from the eligible household lists. The outcome variable for the investigation was DDS, whereas KG and SE indicators served as predictors/exposure variables. Furthermore, the study used purposive sampling to choose members for FGDs (Focus Group Discussions) to explore enablers and constraints related to growing a KG.
Women who did not have a household kitchen garden, had poor dietary outcomes, with DDS <5 (OR: 0.163, = 0.001). Furthermore, a lack of agricultural land lowered DDS (OR: 0.176, = 0.008) as well. The remaining SE parameters did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with DDS/diet quality. The enablers and constraints to building a KG were synthesised from 2 FGDs & further classified into four themes: seasonal fluctuation, local government's initiatives, men's engagement, and challenges.
Kitchen garden can improve DDS and nutritional outcomes for the WRA group in rural Odisha. However, the distribution of seeds/saplings and small financial assistance from the local government can help with sustainability, particularly in the lower SE strata.
几十年来，营养与粮食安全一直是发展的优先事项，对印度等发展中国家而言仍是一项重大挑战。尽管农业是印度的主要职业，但农村人口的营养状况不佳，社会经济发展滞后。超过半数的印度女性（15 - 49岁）患有贫血症，三分之一的儿童发育迟缓。诸如家庭菜园等营养敏感型农业实践已被证明是在不同地区以可承受的成本减少营养不良的可持续方法。本研究旨在通过在印度奥里萨邦使用饮食多样性评分（DDS）量表来考察家庭菜园与饮食多样性之间的关系。
评估饮食多样性评分（DDS）与后院家庭菜园及其他社会经济（SE）因素之间的关系，并探索印度奥里萨邦农村家庭发展家庭菜园（KG）的促进因素和障碍。
该研究采用简单随机抽样从符合条件的家庭名单中选取150名参与者（育龄妇女组：育龄妇女）。调查的结果变量是DDS，而家庭菜园和社会经济指标作为预测因素/暴露变量。此外，该研究采用目的抽样法选择焦点小组讨论（FGDs）的成员，以探讨与种植家庭菜园相关的促进因素和制约因素。
没有家庭菜园的女性饮食结果较差，DDS <5（比值比：0.163，P = 0.001）。此外，缺乏农业用地也降低了DDS（比值比：0.176，P = 0.008）。其余社会经济参数与DDS/饮食质量未显示出统计学上的显著关系。从2次焦点小组讨论中综合得出了发展家庭菜园的促进因素和制约因素，并进一步分为四个主题：季节波动、地方政府举措、男性参与和挑战。
家庭菜园可以改善印度奥里萨邦农村育龄妇女组的DDS和营养状况。然而，地方政府分发种子/树苗和提供小额财政援助有助于实现可持续性，特别是在社会经济地位较低的阶层。
