医学生对裸盖菇素的态度和信念：迷幻剂的术语和个人经历重要吗？
Medical Students' Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Psilocybin: Does Terminology and Personal Experience with Psychedelics Matter?
作者信息
Pagán Antonio F, Lex Claudia, Soares Jair C, Meyer Thomas D
机构信息
Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Psychiatric Hospital, Villach & Alpen-Adria University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
出版信息
Psychedelic Med (New Rochelle). 2023 Sep 13;1(3):130-138. doi: 10.1089/psymed.2023.0022. eCollection 2023 Sep.
BACKGROUND
Psilocybin and psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) have gained renewed interest due to recent findings that PAT can enhance therapeutic outcomes. In 2019, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved breakthrough therapy status to psilocybin for the treatment of depression, but PAT has yet to be approved as a therapeutic treatment for mental health disorders. Should the FDA approve PAT, medical students will serve as gatekeepers to PAT.
METHODS
Medical students ( = 295) were surveyed and randomized to two terminology conditions (i.e., "psilocybin" or "magic mushrooms, MMs") assessing their attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs.
RESULTS
Regardless of the terminology utilized, medical students held overall positive attitudes but their attitudes were significantly more positive when the term "psilocybin" was used. Furthermore, experience with psychedelics was associated with significantly more positive attitudes, beliefs, and higher self-rated knowledge. Finally, attitudes and beliefs were significant predictors of medical students' willingness to recommend PAT, if FDA approved, after controlling for covariates (e.g., personal experience with psychedelics).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite some limitations, based on this study, using the term "psilocybin" might be preferable over "MMs" in a research or educational context. Although personal experience positively affects opinions toward psychedelics, beliefs and attitudes seem to be more relevant when it comes to actual medical advice.
背景
由于近期发现迷幻剂辅助疗法（PAT）可提高治疗效果，裸盖菇素和迷幻剂辅助疗法重新引起了人们的关注。2019年，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准裸盖菇素用于治疗抑郁症的突破性疗法地位，但PAT尚未被批准作为心理健康障碍的治疗方法。如果FDA批准PAT，医学生将成为PAT的把关人。
方法
对295名医学生进行了调查，并随机分为两种术语条件（即“裸盖菇素”或“神奇蘑菇，MMs”），以评估他们的态度、知识和信念。
结果
无论使用何种术语，医学生总体上持积极态度，但当使用“裸盖菇素”一词时，他们的态度明显更为积极。此外，使用迷幻剂的经历与更积极的态度、信念以及更高的自我评估知识相关。最后，在控制协变量（如使用迷幻剂的个人经历）后，态度和信念是医学生在FDA批准后推荐PAT意愿的重要预测因素。
结论
尽管存在一些局限性，但基于本研究，在研究或教育背景下，使用“裸盖菇素”一词可能比“MMs”更可取。虽然个人经历会对迷幻剂的看法产生积极影响，但在实际医疗建议方面，信念和态度似乎更为重要。
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