Garg Pankaj, Ramisetty Sravani, Nair Meera, Kulkarni Prakash, Horne David, Salgia Ravi, Singhal Sharad S
Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India.
Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jun;236:116850. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116850. Epub 2025 Mar 4.
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease that affects millions of women worldwide. Its growing impact calls for advanced treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a key focus in BC therapy because it plays a major role in important processes like tumor growth, survival, and resistance to treatment. Targeting this pathway could lead to better treatment options and outcomes. The present review explores how the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway becomes dysregulated in BC, focusing on the genetic changes like PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss that leads to its aggravation. Current treatment options include the use of inhibitors targeting PI3K, AKT, and mTOR with combination therapies showing promise in overcoming drug resistance and improving effectiveness. Looking ahead, next-generation inhibitors and personalized treatment plans guided by biomarker analysis may provide more accurate and effective options for patients. Integrating these pathway inhibitors with immunotherapy offers an exciting opportunity to boost anti-tumor responses and improve survival rates. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the current progress in targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in BC. It highlights future research directions and therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
乳腺癌（BC）是一种复杂的疾病，影响着全球数百万女性。其日益增加的影响需要先进的治疗策略来改善患者的治疗效果。PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路是BC治疗的一个关键焦点，因为它在肿瘤生长、存活和治疗抵抗等重要过程中发挥着主要作用。针对该信号通路可能会带来更好的治疗选择和治疗效果。本综述探讨了PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路在BC中如何失调，重点关注导致其恶化的基因变化，如PIK3CA突变和PTEN缺失。目前的治疗选择包括使用针对PI3K、AKT和mTOR的抑制剂，联合疗法在克服耐药性和提高疗效方面显示出前景。展望未来，下一代抑制剂和由生物标志物分析指导的个性化治疗方案可能为患者提供更准确、有效的选择。将这些信号通路抑制剂与免疫疗法相结合，为增强抗肿瘤反应和提高生存率提供了一个令人兴奋的机会。本综述全面总结了目前在BC中针对PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的研究进展。它强调了旨在提高患者治疗效果和生活质量的未来研究方向和治疗策略。
