剖析2003年至2018年尼日利亚六个地理政治区域内女性教育状况对生育率的影响

Decomposing the effect of women's educational status on fertility across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria: 2003-2018.

作者信息

Olowolafe Tubosun A, Adebowale Ayo S, Fagbamigbe Adeniyi F, Onwusaka Obiageli C, Aderinto Nicholas, Olawade David B, Wada Ojima Z

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Department of Public Health, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria.

出版信息

BMC Womens Health. 2025 Mar 8;25(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03636-z.

DOI:10.1186/s12905-025-03636-z

PMID:40057721

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11889893/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nigeria faces a dual challenge of high fertility rates and limited female education. Studies suggest that education can contribute to fertility reduction. This study aimed to show the differences and quantify the disparity in fertility rates between educated and uneducated women in Nigeria.

METHODS

A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (2003, 2008, 2013, 2018; Total = 121,774). Fertility differentials for women aged 15-49 were measured using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

The proportion of women without education remained high throughout the study period (41.6% in 2003, 35.8% in 2008, 37.8% in 2013 and 34.9% in 2018). Uneducated women consistently exhibited higher fertility rates than educated women across all survey years and regions. The risk difference of high fertility was greatest in the SouthEast region (34.0) and lowest in the North East (22.19). Factors contributing to the disparity included maternal age, age at first marriage, wealth index, and age at first birth.

CONCLUSION

Marked fertility inequalities exist between educated and uneducated women across Nigerian regions. These findings highlight the crucial role of female education in fertility reduction efforts.

摘要

背景

尼日利亚面临着高生育率和女性教育机会有限的双重挑战。研究表明，教育有助于降低生育率。本研究旨在揭示尼日利亚受过教育和未受过教育的女性在生育率方面的差异，并对这种差异进行量化。

方法

利用尼日利亚人口与健康调查（2003年、2008年、2013年、2018年；总数=121774）的二手数据进行重复横断面分析。使用奥瓦卡-布林德分解法（α=0.05）测量15-49岁女性的生育差异。

结果

在整个研究期间，未受过教育的女性比例一直很高（2003年为41.6%，2008年为35.8%，2013年为37.8%，2018年为34.9%）。在所有调查年份和地区，未受过教育的女性生育率始终高于受过教育的女性。高生育率的风险差异在东南部地区最大（34.0），在东北部地区最小（22.19）。造成这种差异的因素包括产妇年龄、初婚年龄、财富指数和初育年龄。