Rungsattatharm Lalin, Tasingha Priyakorn, Trairatvorakul Pon, Chonchaiya Weerasak
Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Sor Kor Building, 11Th Floor, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, 1873 Rama IV. Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2025 Mar 8;19(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s13034-025-00875-8.
Longitudinal studies of associations between executive function (EF) and parenting behaviors during early childhood and resilience, self-regulation, and behavioral problems in school-age children are scarce. This study aims to evaluate long-term associations between EF and parenting behaviors during preschool and resilience, self-regulatory efficacy, and behavioral problems in 9-year-old children.
From February 2021-March 2022, 195 participants were enrolled from a larger longitudinal study conducted since age 6 months. Parents reported child EF difficulties and behavioral problems at ages 4, 6, and 9, as well as parenting behaviors at ages 4 and 6. Children reported resilience and self-regulatory efficacy at age 9. The relationships between these variables were analyzed using path analysis.
Among 195 participants (51.3% female) with a median age of 108 months (interquartile range 108-109), EF difficulties at ages 4 and 6 exhibited direct and indirect relationships with lower resilience, reduced self-regulatory efficacy, and behavioral problems at age 9. Positive parenting at ages 4 and 6 were indirectly associated with better resilience, self-regulatory efficacy, and fewer behavioral problems at age 9, mediated by reduced EF difficulties and behavioral problems during preschool.
EF difficulties during preschool were correlated with decreased resilience, self-regulatory efficacy, and behavioral problems in school-age children. Interventions focusing on promoting EF and positive parenting during early childhood may alleviate behavioral problems and potentially enhance resilience and self-regulatory efficacy during school-age.
关于幼儿期执行功能（EF）与养育行为之间的关联，以及与学龄儿童的复原力、自我调节能力和行为问题的纵向研究较少。本研究旨在评估学前儿童期EF与养育行为之间的长期关联，以及9岁儿童的复原力、自我调节效能和行为问题。
从2021年2月至2022年3月，从一项自6个月大开始的大型纵向研究中招募了195名参与者。父母报告了孩子在4岁、6岁和9岁时的EF困难和行为问题，以及在4岁和6岁时的养育行为。孩子报告了9岁时的复原力和自我调节效能。使用路径分析来分析这些变量之间的关系。
在195名参与者（51.3%为女性）中，年龄中位数为108个月（四分位间距为108-109），4岁和6岁时的EF困难与9岁时较低的复原力、自我调节效能降低和行为问题存在直接和间接关系。4岁和6岁时的积极养育与9岁时更好的复原力、自我调节效能以及较少的行为问题存在间接关联，这是由学前阶段EF困难和行为问题的减少所介导的。
学前阶段的EF困难与学龄儿童的复原力降低、自我调节效能降低和行为问题相关。侧重于促进幼儿期EF和积极养育的干预措施可能会减轻行为问题，并有可能增强学龄期的复原力和自我调节效能。
