Zarnowska Alicja, Milewska Magdalena, Rokicka Gabriela, Kacprzyk Karolina, Panczyk Mariusz, Folwarski Marcin, Szostak-Węgierek Dorota
Department of Clinical Dietetics. Faculty of Health Sciences. Medical University of Warsaw.
Division of Teaching and Outcomes of Education. Faculty of Health Sciences. Medical University of Warsaw.
Nutr Hosp. 2025 Jun 19;43(3):579-589. doi: 10.20960/nh.05611.
Objectives: epidemiological data show growing numbers of patients with Alzheimer´s disease. Cognitive decline and progressive swallowing impairment lead to a significant deterioration of the nutrition status in this population. Early detection and treatment of malnutrition is important for the prognosis of the disease. Method: a systematic review was conducted. Four databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched by two independent researchers. The inclusion criteria encompass adult patients with diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, studies with screening tools for nutritional assessment such as Mini-Nutritional Assessment and body mass index. Patients without diagnosis or with possible or probable Alzheimer's disease were excluded. Finally, 36 studies with 5293 participants were included to the systematic review. PRISMA protocol was followed when writing this article. Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews were used for quality assessment. Results: 36 studies were included in this systematic review. More than half of the respondents were from Europe. According to MNA 33.97 % of participants were at risk of malnutrition, 3.74 % malnourished and more than 62 % had proper nutritional status. According to the BMI, nearly 50 % of patients were overweight or obese, 4.22 % had BMI < BMI < 18,49 kg/m2. Risk of malnutrition and malnutrition was diagnosed in 53.8 % and 8.2 % of patients assessed with Mini-Nutritional Assessment - Short Form. Conclusion: the risk of malnutrition in AD is high, however, significant differences between studies can be observed due to methodological differences. Large epidemiological studies are needed with unified nutritional assessment methods for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
流行病学数据显示，阿尔茨海默病患者数量不断增加。认知能力下降和进行性吞咽障碍导致该人群营养状况显著恶化。营养不良的早期发现和治疗对疾病预后至关重要。方法：进行系统评价。由两名独立研究人员检索Cochrane、PubMed、Embase和Web of Science等四个数据库。纳入标准包括确诊为阿尔茨海默病的成年患者、使用如微型营养评定法和体重指数等营养评估筛查工具的研究。未确诊或可能患有阿尔茨海默病的患者被排除。最终，36项研究、5293名参与者被纳入该系统评价。撰写本文时遵循PRISMA方案。使用JBI系统评价中使用的批判性评价工具进行质量评估。结果：该系统评价纳入36项研究。超过一半的受访者来自欧洲。根据微型营养评定法，33.97%的参与者存在营养不良风险，3.74%营养不良，超过62%营养状况正常。根据体重指数，近50%的患者超重或肥胖，4.22%的患者体重指数<18.49kg/m²。使用微型营养评定法简表评估的患者中，53.8%被诊断为营养不良风险，8.2%被诊断为营养不良。结论：阿尔茨海默病患者营养不良风险较高，但由于方法学差异，研究之间存在显著差异。需要开展大型流行病学研究，并采用统一的营养评估方法来评估阿尔茨海默病患者。
