Shin Eunkyung, Pérez-Edgar Koraly
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2025 Mar 12. doi: 10.1007/7854_2024_571.
Early indicators of anxiety risk can appear as early as infancy, informing developmental pathways in which individual differences in temperament elevate the likelihood of future anxiety disorders. Clarifying the mechanisms that connect these early biological predispositions to later anxiety offers a foundation for designing targeted early intervention and prevention efforts. In this chapter, we aim to describe the association between fearful temperament and the development of anxiety disorders, highlighting how the interplay between biological and environmental factors shape vulnerability to anxiety from early in life. We describe (a) fearful temperament as a potential marker for vulnerability to anxiety, (b) neural mechanisms underlying fearful temperament and anxiety through detection and regulation processes, (c) internal and external factors that moderate the association between fearful temperament and anxiety, focusing on attentional bias and parental factors to understand distinct etiological process.
焦虑风险的早期指标最早可在婴儿期出现，它为气质方面的个体差异增加未来焦虑症可能性的发展路径提供了信息。阐明将这些早期生物易感性与后期焦虑联系起来的机制，为设计有针对性的早期干预和预防措施奠定了基础。在本章中，我们旨在描述恐惧气质与焦虑症发展之间的关联，强调生物和环境因素之间的相互作用如何从生命早期就塑造了对焦虑的易感性。我们将（a）恐惧气质描述为易患焦虑症的潜在标志，（b）通过检测和调节过程，阐述恐惧气质和焦虑背后的神经机制，（c）调节恐惧气质与焦虑之间关联的内部和外部因素，重点关注注意力偏差和父母因素，以理解不同的病因过程。
