Par Matej, Gotovac Lucija, Horvat Stella, Marovic Danijela, Tarle Zrinka, Tauböck Tobias T, Attin Thomas, Ratkovski Lucija, Panduric Vlatko
Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 12;15(1):8455. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93088-0.
This study evaluated the sensitivity of dental resin composites to ambient light using the ISO 4049 standard and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It aimed to compare the working times measured by these two methods to assess FTIR's potential as an alternative to ISO 4049 for determining premature polymerization. Eight dental composites (three bulk-fill and five conventional) were exposed to simulated ambient light. Working time was assessed using the method described in ISO 4049 standard, which identifies premature polymerization via visually identifiable macroscopic changes. FTIR spectroscopy enabled an analysis of the progress of polymerization by measuring the degree of conversion of methacrylate C=C bonds. Working times were compared across composites and between methods, with statistical analyses performed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation. All composites met the minimum ISO 4049 working time of 60 s. However, significant differences in working times were noted between ISO 4049 and FTIR, with FTIR generally overestimating the working time. Pearson correlation indicated moderate alignment between the methods, particularly at higher working times, though FTIR was less sensitive to early polymerization changes compared to ISO 4049. In conclusion, FTIR spectroscopy shows potential for assessing ambient light sensitivity in dental resin composites, yet it lacks the sensitivity of ISO 4049 in detecting early-stage polymerization. This study underscores the need for standardized, sensitive methods in assessing resin composites' working times, especially as material compositions evolve in modern dentistry.
本研究使用ISO 4049标准和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱法评估了牙科树脂复合材料对环境光的敏感性。其目的是比较通过这两种方法测得的操作时间，以评估FTIR作为ISO 4049的替代方法用于确定过早聚合的潜力。八种牙科复合材料（三种大块充填型和五种传统型）被暴露于模拟环境光下。使用ISO 4049标准中描述的方法评估操作时间，该方法通过肉眼可识别的宏观变化来识别过早聚合。FTIR光谱法能够通过测量甲基丙烯酸酯C=C键的转化率来分析聚合反应的进程。比较了各复合材料之间以及两种方法之间的操作时间，并使用方差分析和Pearson相关性进行了统计分析。所有复合材料均达到了ISO 4049规定的最短操作时间60秒。然而，ISO 4049和FTIR之间在操作时间上存在显著差异，FTIR通常高估了操作时间。Pearson相关性表明两种方法之间存在适度的一致性，特别是在较长操作时间时，不过与ISO 4049相比，FTIR对早期聚合变化的敏感性较低。总之，FTIR光谱法显示出评估牙科树脂复合材料对环境光敏感性的潜力，但在检测早期聚合方面缺乏ISO 4049的敏感性。本研究强调了在评估树脂复合材料操作时间时需要标准化、灵敏的方法，尤其是随着现代牙科材料成分的不断演变。
