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基于定量梯度水分调控的宽水生态范围水稻节水抗旱性定量评价体系构建

Development of rice water-saving and drought resistance quantitative evaluation system of wide water ecological range based on quantitative gradient water control.

作者信息

Kang Haiqi, Hassan Muhammad Ahmad, Kang Jiarong, Luo Yuehua, Zhang Hong, Zeng Yongxuan, Fu Guanfu, Qin Rongmin, Xu Deze, Wang Shimei

机构信息

School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.

Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 25;16:1548074. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1548074. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fpls.2025.1548074
PMID:40070710
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11893852/
Abstract

The drought resistance of rice is an indirect observational and complex trait whose phenotype is reflected in the response of directly observational traits to drought stress. To objectively and accurately evaluate the drought resistance of rice, soil moisture gradient quantification was designed as a general water index among different soil types. Through soil water control, water consumption calculation, yield test, trait examination, and statistical analysis, the relationship between quantitative water control treatment and rice yield drought resistance was studied to establish a quantitative and controllable evaluation system of rice drought resistance. Four kinds of gradients, namely, 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field moisture capacity, were designed in the experiment. Six tested rice varieties grew under the long-term water control treatment. Six varieties grew under four levels of field moisture capacity from transplanting and returning to green to maturity. The calculation of actual field moisture shows that the four design levels formed a significant gradient and reached a very significant difference. The gradient and quantitative water control (GQWC) significantly influenced tiller formation, grain yield, yield component traits, and water use efficiency. Under the designed GQWC treatment, the difference in yield drought resistance of tested rice varieties is reflected under wide water ecological amplitude. There was a significant difference between varieties and traits, and the relationship between traits and varieties was very significantly different under different GQWC levels. The differences in drought resistance among varieties differ due to various water gradients and direct observational traits. It is difficult to evaluate drought resistance accurately with a single gradient. Considering yield components and water use efficiency, it is the best choice for a comprehensive index with multi-gradient yield drought resistance. Based on the index mapping of gradient drought resistance and area calculations, 28 evaluation indices of drought resistance were calculated in parallel, and six indices with better evaluation effect were screened to solve the optimal comprehensive index, namely, the sum of drought resistance index under multi-gradient with multi-traits (MG_MT_DI_SUM), the sum of drought resistance index of yield under multi-gradient (MG_Y_DI_SUM), the product of total area under the curve of drought resistance index under multi-gradient with multi-traits (MG_MT_DI_TAUC_MUL), the drought resistance index of yield under the second gradient (SGII_Y_DI), the comprehensive value of membership function of the total area under the curve of drought resistance index with multi-gradient and multi-traits (MG_MT_DI_SUM), and the logarithm of total area under the curve of drought resistance index with multi-gradient and multi-traits (MG_MT_DI_TAUC_LOG). Among these indices, 100MG_MT_DI_TAUC_LOG and 5MG_Y_DI_SUM were the ideal evaluation indices, which could be used as the main indices for the comprehensive evaluation of rice drought resistance under the GQWC test.

摘要

水稻的抗旱性是一个间接观测的复杂性状，其表型体现在直接观测性状对干旱胁迫的响应上。为了客观准确地评价水稻的抗旱性，设计了土壤水分梯度量化作为不同土壤类型间通用的水分指标。通过土壤水分控制、耗水量计算、产量测定、性状考察及统计分析，研究了定量水分控制处理与水稻产量抗旱性之间的关系，建立了定量可控的水稻抗旱性评价体系。试验设计了4种梯度，即田间持水量的100%、80%、60%和40%。6个供试水稻品种在长期水分控制处理下生长。6个品种从移栽返青到成熟在4个田间持水量水平下生长。实际田间水分计算表明，4个设计水平形成了显著梯度，差异极显著。梯度和定量水分控制（GQWC）对分蘖形成、籽粒产量、产量构成性状和水分利用效率有显著影响。在设计的GQWC处理下，供试水稻品种在较宽的水分生态幅度下体现出产量抗旱性差异。品种与性状间存在显著差异，不同GQWC水平下性状与品种间的关系差异极显著。由于水分梯度和直接观测性状不同，品种间的抗旱性差异各异。用单一梯度难以准确评价抗旱性。综合考虑产量构成和水分利用效率，多梯度产量抗旱性综合指标是最佳选择。基于梯度抗旱性指标映射和面积计算，并行计算了28个抗旱性评价指标，筛选出6个评价效果较好的指标来求解最优综合指标，即多梯度多性状抗旱性指标之和（MG_MT_DI_SUM）、多梯度产量抗旱性指标之和（MG_Y_DI_SUM）、多梯度多性状抗旱性指标曲线下总面积之积（MG_MT_DI_TAUC_MUL）、第二梯度产量抗旱性指标（SGII_Y_DI）、多梯度多性状抗旱性指标曲线下总面积隶属函数综合值（MG_MT_DI_SUM）、多梯度多性状抗旱性指标曲线下总面积对数（MG_MT_DI_TAUC_LOG）。在这些指标中，100MG_MT_DI_TAUC_LOG和5MG_Y_DI_SUM是理想的评价指标，可作为GQWC试验下水稻抗旱性综合评价的主要指标。

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