Raza Ali, Mubarik Muhammad Salman, Sharif Rahat, Habib Madiha, Jabeen Warda, Zhang Chong, Chen Hua, Chen Zhong-Hua, Siddique Kadambot H M, Zhuang Weijian, Varshney Rajeev K
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Dep. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Narowal, Narowal, 51600, Pakistan.
Plant Genome. 2023 Mar;16(1):e20279. doi: 10.1002/tpg2.20279. Epub 2022 Nov 10.
Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought-smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi-omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought-smart cultivars to achieve the 'zero hunger' goal.
培育具有更高产量潜力和更强逆境耐受性的作物对于全球粮食安全至关重要。干旱胁迫（DS）对全球农业生产力产生不利影响，预计未来几年这种影响还会加剧。因此，了解与干旱胁迫相关的生理、生化、分子和生态机制至关重要。本综述探讨了植物对干旱胁迫反应的最新进展，以加深我们对干旱胁迫相关机制的理解。非最佳水源会通过物理损伤、生理紊乱、生化改变和分子调节对作物生长和产量产生不利影响。为了控制干旱胁迫对作物的毁灭性影响，了解其后果、机制以及干旱胁迫的农艺和遗传基础对于可持续生产很重要。除了植物的反应，我们还强调了几种缓解措施，如组学方法、转基因育种、基因组编辑以及从生化到机械方法（叶面处理、种子引发和传统农艺实践）。此外，我们还介绍了传统育种平台和快速育种平台在培育抗旱未来作物方面的作用。简而言之，我们建议综合多种方法，如多组学、基因组编辑、快速育种和传统机械策略，以培育抗旱品种，实现“零饥饿”目标。
