Fernandez-Novo Aitor, Kolkman Iris, Driesse Monique, Yarnall Matt, Cerviño Manuel, Dieguez Francisco Javier, Astiz Susana
Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
A7 Noord Dierenartsen, Drachten, Netherlands.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Feb 25;12:1515196. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1515196. eCollection 2025.
Transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is key to achieving a good immunity status in newborn calves. The traditional scientific approach examines risk factors for the failure of TPI, but the benefits of achieving an excellent transfer of passive immunity are well recognized, justifying a closer examination of specific influencing factors. However, there is scarce information about conditions related to an excellent TPI, which may differ from those avoiding failure. Therefore, the objective of this work was to detect factors determining an excellent transfer of passive immunity. From April to July 2022, 1,041 calves from 108 European farms from six countries were studied. Colostrum quality and level of passive immunity in calves were indirectly measured with refractometry. Data of colostrum management, dam, calf and farm conditions were recorded. A categorization of poor, fair and excellent TPI were established. Mixed-effects multinomial regression modeling was implemented at animal-level, with country and herd as random factors. Median values for colostrum variables were 3 l of volume, quality of 24.4% Brix and time to administration after birth of 2 h. Only one country achieved >40% of calves in the excellent category. Mean factors affecting excellent TPI were volume and quality of the colostrum administered. In conclusion, although most farms in Europe manage and administer adequately colostrum, there are aspects to improve to achieve more than 40% of calves within the excellent category. These key factors align with those preventing failure of TPI, although this result should be taken into account with prudence based on the limitations of the study.
被动免疫转移（TPI）是新生犊牛获得良好免疫状态的关键。传统科学方法研究了TPI失败的风险因素，但实现被动免疫良好转移的益处已得到充分认可，这使得有必要更仔细地研究具体影响因素。然而，关于与良好TPI相关的条件的信息很少，这些条件可能与避免失败的条件不同。因此，本研究的目的是检测决定被动免疫良好转移的因素。2022年4月至7月，对来自六个国家108个欧洲农场的1041头犊牛进行了研究。用折射仪间接测量初乳质量和犊牛被动免疫水平。记录初乳管理、母牛、犊牛和农场条件的数据。建立了TPI差、一般和良好的分类。在动物水平上实施混合效应多项回归建模，将国家和牛群作为随机因素。初乳变量的中位数为：体积3升、质量24.4°白利糖度、出生后给药时间2小时。只有一个国家优秀类别的犊牛比例超过40%。影响良好TPI的平均因素是所喂初乳的体积和质量。总之，尽管欧洲大多数农场对初乳进行了充分的管理和投喂，但仍有一些方面需要改进，以使优秀类别的犊牛比例超过40%。这些关键因素与预防TPI失败的因素一致，不过鉴于本研究的局限性，应谨慎看待这一结果。
