Caveolin-1 protects against liver injury and lipid accumulation in alcoholic fatty liver via ferroptosis resistance.

Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally with complex and controversial pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that iron overload and lipid peroxidation are risk factors for AFL. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an important signal platform that can maintain lipid homeostasis during the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Here, we studied the effect of CAV1 on ferroptosis in AFL. The AFL mouse model was established by chronic-plus-binge alcohol feeding. In vitro, AML-12 cells were incubated with ethanol and oleic acid for 48 h. We found alcohol-induced AFL triggered ferroptosis and decreased CAV1 expression. Overexpression of CAV1 by CAV1 scaffolding domain peptides (CSD) attenuated liver injury and hepatic steatosis, as well as inhibited ferroptosis in AFL mice. Additionally, the effects of CAV1 on ferroptosis-related protein levels (such as SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4) and lipid accumulation were reversed by its small interfering RNA administration. Ferroptosis agonist (Erastin) treatment abrogated CAV1 plasmid-mediated ferroptosis resistance and steatosis alleviation. Collectively, the results revealed a crucial role of CAV1 in preventing hepatic steatosis and ferroptosis in alcohol-induced liver injury, which may identify potential targets for the treatment of AFL.