Ramos Raquel, Moura Conceição Souto, Costa Mariana, Lamas Nuno Jorge, Correia Renato, Garcez Diogo, Pereira José Miguel, Lindahl Thomas, Sousa Carlos, Vale Nuno
PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
RISE-Health, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Feb 21;17(5):725. doi: 10.3390/cancers17050725.
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide, exhibiting the highest incidence rate among all cancer types. Poor outcomes often characterize this cancer as it is commonly diagnosed in advanced stages due to its unspecific symptoms. After diagnosis, the therapeutic choice is a crucial stage that profoundly affects patients' survival. Treatment choices for lung cancer must be made carefully, acknowledging the histological type and genetic characteristics of the tumor. Non-small cell lung cancer, the most common and complex type, has a high mutational burden, making next-generation sequencing (NGS) essential for identifying specific mutations and guiding treatment. With several approved targeted therapies already available, this approach highlights the critical role of personalized medicine in lung cancer care. Despite the current therapeutic pipeline, research trying to develop new tailored drugs considering individual patient characteristics has evolved over the years. This article aims to outline the current therapeutic approach for each type of lung cancer and present the latest insights into emerging therapies, highlighting the role of personalized medicine in enhancing treatment outcomes and improving patients' quality of life.
肺癌是全球最致命的癌症，在所有癌症类型中发病率最高。由于其症状不具特异性，该癌症通常在晚期才被诊断出来，因此治疗效果往往不佳。确诊后，治疗选择是一个关键阶段，会深刻影响患者的生存期。肺癌的治疗选择必须谨慎做出，要考虑肿瘤的组织学类型和基因特征。非小细胞肺癌是最常见、最复杂的类型，具有较高的突变负荷，这使得二代测序（NGS）对于识别特定突变和指导治疗至关重要。鉴于已有多种获批的靶向疗法，这种方法凸显了个性化医疗在肺癌治疗中的关键作用。尽管目前有治疗方案，但多年来，致力于开发考虑个体患者特征的新型定制药物的研究一直在发展。本文旨在概述每种类型肺癌的当前治疗方法，并介绍对新兴疗法的最新见解，强调个性化医疗在提高治疗效果和改善患者生活质量方面的作用。
