Yu Yanyu, Ma Shengnan, Li Lanxin, Song Zhen, Yu Lin, Tang Chunshuang, Liu Chunyan, Chen Qingshan, Xin Dawei, Wang Jinhui
National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Crop Development Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin 150038, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 23;26(5):1919. doi: 10.3390/ijms26051919.
Apyrases (APYs) directly regulate intra- and extra-cellular ATP homeostasis and play a key role in the process of plants adapting to various stresses. In this study, we identified and characterized soybean APY (GmAPY) family members at the genomic level. The results identified a total of 18 APYRASE homologous genes with conserved ACR domains. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of , including sequence alignment, phylogenetic relationships, and conserved motifs. According to the phylogenetic and structural characteristics, in soybeans are mainly divided into three groups. The characteristics of these were systematically evaluated, including their collinearity, gene structure, protein motifs, cis-regulatory elements, tissue expression patterns, and responses to aluminum stress. A preliminary analysis of the function of was also conducted. The results showed that GmAPY1-4 was localized in the nucleus, presenting relatively high levels in roots and root nodules and demonstrating high sensitivity and positive responses under aluminum stress circumstances. Further functional characterization revealed that the overexpression of GmAPY1-4 in hairy roots not only induced root growth under normal growth conditions but also significantly prevented root growth inhibition under aluminum stress conditions and contributed to maintaining a relatively higher fresh root weight. By contrast, RNAi interference with the expression of GmAPY1-4 in hairy roots inhibited root growth under both normal and aluminum stress conditions, but it exerted no significant influence on the dry or fresh root weight. To sum up, these findings support the significant functional role of GmAPY1-4 in root growth and the aluminum stress response. These findings not only enhance our comprehension of the aluminum stress response mechanism by identifying and characterizing the APY gene family in the soybean genome but also provide a potential candidate gene for improving aluminum tolerance in soybeans in the future.
磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶（APYs）直接调节细胞内和细胞外的ATP稳态，并在植物适应各种胁迫的过程中发挥关键作用。在本研究中，我们在基因组水平上鉴定并表征了大豆APY（GmAPY）家族成员。结果共鉴定出18个具有保守ACR结构域的APYRASE同源基因。我们对其进行了生物信息学分析，包括序列比对、系统发育关系和保守基序。根据系统发育和结构特征，大豆中的这些基因主要分为三组。我们系统地评估了这些基因的特征，包括它们的共线性、基因结构、蛋白质基序、顺式调控元件、组织表达模式以及对铝胁迫的响应。我们还对其功能进行了初步分析。结果表明，GmAPY1 - 4定位于细胞核，在根和根瘤中呈现相对较高的水平，并且在铝胁迫条件下表现出高敏感性和积极响应。进一步的功能表征表明，GmAPY1 - 4在毛状根中的过表达不仅在正常生长条件下诱导根生长，而且在铝胁迫条件下显著防止根生长受到抑制，并有助于维持相对较高的鲜根重量。相比之下，RNA干扰毛状根中GmAPY1 - 4的表达在正常和铝胁迫条件下均抑制根生长，但对根的干重或鲜重没有显著影响。综上所述，这些发现支持了GmAPY1 - 4在根生长和铝胁迫响应中的重要功能作用。这些发现不仅通过鉴定和表征大豆基因组中的APY基因家族增强了我们对铝胁迫响应机制的理解，而且为未来提高大豆耐铝性提供了一个潜在的候选基因。
