Liang Xinyue, Wu Minyu, Nong Qiuting, Yang Siqi, Kan Tuo, Feng Ping
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 27;26(5):2155. doi: 10.3390/ijms26052155.
Adaptive thermogenesis comprises shivering thermogenesis dependent on skeletal muscles and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Although the thermogenic function of was adopted early in some placental mammals, positive selection predominantly occurred in the ancestral branches of small-bodied species. Some previous studies have revealed that rodents living in northern or high mountain regions adapt to cold environments by increasing NST, whereas those living in tropical and subtropical regions that are not exposed to cold stress express low concentrations of , indicating that may have evolved to adapt to ambient temperatures. In this study, we explored the evolution of and its significance to temperature adaptation by performing detailed evolutionary and statistical analyses on 64 rodents with known genomes. As a result, a total of 71 gene sequences were obtained, including 47 intact genes, 22 partial genes, and 2 pseudogenes. Further, 47 intact genes and 3 previously published intact genes were incorporated into evolutionary analyses, and correlation analyses between evolutionary rate and ambient temperatures (including average annual temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature) of the rodent survives were conducted. The results show that is under purifying selection ( = 0.11), and among rodents with intact sequences, and -the two species with the lowest ambient temperatures among the rodents used here-have higher evolutionary rates than others. In the statistical analyses, in addition to ambient temperatures, body weight and weight at birth were also taken into account since weight was previously proposed to be linked to evolution. The results showed that after controlling for the phylogenetic effect, the maximum temperature was significantly negatively correlated with the evolutionary rate of , whereas weight did not have a relationship with evolutionary rate. Consequently, it is suggested that ambient temperature can drive the evolution of rodent , thereby enhancing NST adaptation to cold stress.
适应性产热包括依赖骨骼肌的战栗产热和由解偶联蛋白1（UCP1）介导的非战栗产热（NST）。尽管在一些胎盘哺乳动物中，[此处原文有缺失内容]的产热功能在早期就已被采用，但正向选择主要发生在小型物种的祖先分支中。先前的一些研究表明，生活在北方或高山地区的啮齿动物通过增加NST来适应寒冷环境，而生活在未经历寒冷应激的热带和亚热带地区的啮齿动物表达的[此处原文有缺失内容]浓度较低，这表明[此处原文有缺失内容]可能已经进化以适应环境温度。在本研究中，我们通过对64种具有已知基因组的啮齿动物进行详细的进化和统计分析，探索了[此处原文有缺失内容]的进化及其对温度适应的意义。结果，共获得了71个[此处原文有缺失内容]基因序列，包括47个完整基因、22个部分基因和2个假基因。此外，将47个完整基因和3个先前发表的完整[此处原文有缺失内容]基因纳入进化分析，并对啮齿动物生存的进化速率与环境温度（包括年平均温度、最高温度和最低温度）之间进行相关性分析。结果表明，[此处原文有缺失内容]受到纯化选择（ω = 0.11），并且在具有完整[此处原文有缺失内容]序列的啮齿动物中，[此处原文有缺失内容]和[此处原文有缺失内容]——这里使用的啮齿动物中环境温度最低的两个物种——比其他物种具有更高的进化速率。在统计分析中，除了环境温度外，还考虑了体重和出生体重，因为先前有人提出体重与[此处原文有缺失内容]进化有关。结果表明，在控制系统发育效应后，最高温度与[此处原文有缺失内容]的进化速率显著负相关，而体重与[此处原文有缺失内容]的进化速率没有关系。因此，表明环境温度可以驱动啮齿动物[此处原文有缺失内容]的进化，从而增强NST对寒冷应激的适应性。
