• 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
  • 邀请有礼
  • 套餐&价格
  • 历史记录
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Windows 客户端微信小程序
定价
高级版会员购买积分包购买API积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法，用中文像聊天一样搜索，搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐，让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版，准确专业，支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式，支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述，25分钟生成高质量综述，智能提取关键信息，辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验

电催化碳-氮偶联：尿素合成的进展及替代产品的机遇

Electrocatalytic CN Coupling: Advances in Urea Synthesis and Opportunities for Alternative Products.

作者信息

Ballard-Kyle Parker, Hsieh Isabel, Zhu Huiyuan

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.

出版信息

ChemSusChem. 2025 Jun 17;18(12):e202402566. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202402566. Epub 2025 Apr 12.

DOI:10.1002/cssc.202402566
PMID:40079802
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12175051/
Abstract

Urea is an essential fertilizer produced through the industrial synthesis of ammonia (NH) via the Haber-Bosch process, which contributes ≈1.2% of global annual CO emissions. Electrocatalytic urea synthesis under ambient conditions via CN coupling from CO and nitrogen species such as nitrate (NO ), nitrite (NO ), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen gas (N) has gained interest as a more sustainable route. However, challenges remain due to the unclear reaction pathways for urea formation, competing reactions, and the complexity of the resulting product matrix. This review highlights recent advances in catalyst design, urea quantification, and intermediate identification in the CN coupling reaction for electrocatalytic urea synthesis. Furthermore, this review explores future prospects for industrial CN coupling, considering potential nitrogen and carbon sources and examining alternative CN coupling products, such as amides and amines.

摘要

尿素是一种通过哈伯-博施法将氨（NH）进行工业合成生产的重要肥料，该过程约占全球年度二氧化碳排放量的1.2%。通过将一氧化碳与硝酸盐（NO）、亚硝酸盐（NO）、一氧化氮（NO）和氮气（N）等含氮物种进行C-N偶联，在环境条件下进行电催化尿素合成，作为一种更具可持续性的途径受到了关注。然而，由于尿素形成的反应途径不明确、存在竞争反应以及所得产物基质的复杂性，挑战依然存在。本综述重点介绍了电催化尿素合成中C-N偶联反应在催化剂设计、尿素定量和中间体鉴定方面的最新进展。此外，本综述探讨了工业C-N偶联的未来前景，考虑了潜在的氮源和碳源，并研究了替代的C-N偶联产物，如酰胺和胺。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/afafd092b247/CSSC-18-e202402566-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/47c72d59eedc/CSSC-18-e202402566-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/c3c455663d15/CSSC-18-e202402566-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/193befd6d096/CSSC-18-e202402566-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/9ff351c8381a/CSSC-18-e202402566-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/fc673533720e/CSSC-18-e202402566-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/0574dcc53d3d/CSSC-18-e202402566-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/2f60bca87817/CSSC-18-e202402566-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/4837c178b9cb/CSSC-18-e202402566-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/25bc95b5bcd6/CSSC-18-e202402566-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/07d9a7b4a3fc/CSSC-18-e202402566-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/afafd092b247/CSSC-18-e202402566-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/47c72d59eedc/CSSC-18-e202402566-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/c3c455663d15/CSSC-18-e202402566-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/193befd6d096/CSSC-18-e202402566-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/9ff351c8381a/CSSC-18-e202402566-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/fc673533720e/CSSC-18-e202402566-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/0574dcc53d3d/CSSC-18-e202402566-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/2f60bca87817/CSSC-18-e202402566-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/4837c178b9cb/CSSC-18-e202402566-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/25bc95b5bcd6/CSSC-18-e202402566-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/07d9a7b4a3fc/CSSC-18-e202402566-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2e95/12175051/afafd092b247/CSSC-18-e202402566-g004.jpg

相似文献

1
Electrocatalytic CN Coupling: Advances in Urea Synthesis and Opportunities for Alternative Products.电催化碳-氮偶联：尿素合成的进展及替代产品的机遇
ChemSusChem. 2025 Jun 17;18(12):e202402566. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202402566. Epub 2025 Apr 12.
2
Mechanistic insights and rational catalyst design in NO electroreduction.一氧化氮电还原的机理见解与合理催化剂设计
Nanoscale. 2025 Jul 3;17(26):15628-15647. doi: 10.1039/d5nr01682g.
3
Revealing electrocatalytic CN coupling for urea synthesis with metal-free electrocatalyst.揭示无金属电催化剂中 CN 耦合的电催化尿素合成。
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Jul;641:990-999. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.135. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
4
Catalyst-free oxidation of nitrogen fixation by underwater bubble discharge: performance optimization and mechanism exploration.水下气泡放电无催化剂氧化固氮：性能优化与机理探索
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2025 Jul 2;27(26):14015-14028. doi: 10.1039/d5cp01500f.
5
A Review on Catalytic Ethanol Synthesis via Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide.二氧化碳加氢催化合成乙醇的综述
ChemSusChem. 2025 Jul 17;18(14):e202500188. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202500188. Epub 2025 Jun 19.
6
Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis via C-N Coupling from CO and Nitrogenous Species.通过一氧化碳与含氮物种的C-N偶联合成电催化尿素
Acc Chem Res. 2024 Jan 16;57(2):247-256. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00633. Epub 2023 Dec 21.
7
Interventions for central serous chorioretinopathy: a network meta-analysis.中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的干预措施：一项网状Meta分析
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Jun 16;6(6):CD011841. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011841.pub3.
8
Electrocatalysts for Urea Synthesis from CO and Nitrogenous Species: From CO and N/NOx Reduction to urea synthesis.用于由一氧化碳和含氮物种合成尿素的电催化剂：从一氧化碳和氮/氮氧化物还原到尿素合成
ChemSusChem. 2024 Dec 20;17(24):e202401333. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202401333. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
9
Conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxamine with NH and H on nickel generates a protometabolic nitrogen shuttle under serpentinizing conditions.在蛇纹石化条件下，吡啶醛与镍上的NH和H反应转化为吡哆胺，生成一种原代谢氮穿梭体。
FEBS J. 2024 Dec 19. doi: 10.1111/febs.17357.
10
Primary Amine-Based Photoclick Chemistry: From Concept to Diverse Applications in Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry.基于伯胺的光点击化学：从概念到化学生物学和药物化学中的多样应用
Acc Chem Res. 2025 Jun 18. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00158.

本文引用的文献

1
Comparative Study of Different Polymeric Binders in Electrochemical CO Reduction.电化学CO还原中不同聚合物粘合剂的比较研究
Energy Fuels. 2024 Nov 5;38(22):22307-22314. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04058. eCollection 2024 Nov 21.
2
Ce Promotion of InO for Electrochemical Reduction of CO to Formate.用于将CO电化学还原为甲酸盐的InO的促进作用。
ACS Catal. 2024 Oct 25;14(22):16589-16604. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02619. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
3
Regulating the Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Performance with Controllable Distribution of Unconventional Phase Copper on Alloy Nanostructures.
通过在合金纳米结构上可控分布非常规相铜来调控电化学硝酸盐还原性能
Adv Mater. 2024 Nov;36(45):e2407889. doi: 10.1002/adma.202407889. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
4
Urea Synthesis via Coelectrolysis of CO and Nitrate over Heterostructured Cu-Bi Catalysts.通过异质结构铜铋催化剂上一氧化碳和硝酸盐的共电解合成尿素
J Am Chem Soc. 2024 Sep 18;146(37):25813-25823. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c08564. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
5
Enhancing Electrocatalytic CO-to-CO Conversion by Weakening CO Binding through Nitrogen Integration in the Metallic Fe Catalyst.通过在金属铁催化剂中引入氮来削弱一氧化碳的吸附，从而增强电催化一氧化碳到二氧化碳的转化
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Jun 5;16(22):28473-28481. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c02915. Epub 2024 May 24.
6
Amorphous Bismuth-Tin Oxide Nanosheets with Optimized C-N Coupling for Efficient Urea Synthesis.具有优化C-N耦合的非晶态铋锡氧化物纳米片用于高效尿素合成
J Am Chem Soc. 2024 May 15;146(19):13527-13535. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c03156. Epub 2024 May 1.
7
Breaking the Scaling Relationship in C-N Coupling via the Doping Effects for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis.通过掺杂效应打破C-N耦合中的标度关系以实现高效尿素电合成
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Jun 10;63(24):e202401943. doi: 10.1002/anie.202401943. Epub 2024 May 8.
8
Electrocatalytic Nitrate and Nitrite Reduction toward Ammonia Using CuO Nanocubes: Active Species and Reaction Mechanisms.使用氧化铜纳米立方体电催化硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原制氨：活性物种与反应机理
J Am Chem Soc. 2024 Apr 10;146(14):9665-9678. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c13288. Epub 2024 Apr 1.
9
Highly Efficient Electrosynthesis of Glycine over an Atomically Dispersed Iron Catalyst.原子分散铁催化剂上高效电合成甘氨酸
J Am Chem Soc. 2024 Apr 10;146(14):10084-10092. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c01093. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
10
Screening Efficient C-N Coupling Catalysts for Electrosynthesis of Acetamide and Output Ammonia through a Cascade Strategy of Electrochemical CO and N Reduction Using Cu-Based Nitrogen-Carbon Nanosheets.通过基于铜的氮碳纳米片电化学CO和N还原的级联策略筛选用于电合成乙酰胺和输出氨的高效C-N偶联催化剂。
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Mar 13;16(10):12486-12499. doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c17878. Epub 2024 Feb 28.