Wood R W
Environmental Health Services Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642.
Neurobehav Toxicol. 1979;1 Suppl 1:67-72.
Inhaled substances can support behavior by acting as reinforcing stimulus events. The deliberate inhalation of volatile materials is attributable to the positively reinforcing properties of these substances and can induce profound toxicity. On the other hand, inhaled substances can also be aversive, e.g., corrosives, certain solvents, and combustion products. Both positive and negative reinforcing properties of inhaled materials can be used to support the behavior of laboratory animals. Several rules of evidence should be met, however, to demonstrate conclusively that an inhalant has such properties. Such properties should be considered in industrial hygiene and environmental quality decisions.
吸入物质可通过充当强化刺激事件来影响行为。故意吸入挥发性物质归因于这些物质的正强化特性，并且可能会引发严重毒性。另一方面，吸入物质也可能具有厌恶作用，例如腐蚀性物质、某些溶剂和燃烧产物。吸入物质的正强化和负强化特性均可用于影响实验动物的行为。然而，要确凿证明一种吸入剂具有此类特性，应满足若干证据规则。在工业卫生和环境质量决策中应考虑这些特性。
