Chattopadhyay Atrayee, Mitra Mohor, Maiti Mrinal K
Department of Foundation of Medicine, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States.
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Health Science Centre, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Vitam Horm. 2025;128:243-301. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.005. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
Xylose constitutes the second major sugar fraction of the plant-derived lignocellulosic biomass, which is the most abundantly available and renewable feedstock for microbial fermentations. Hence, comprehensive utilization of xylose is crucial from the perspective of sustainable development of bio-based products, such as fuels, fine chemicals, and high-value compounds. Due to several inherent advantages, various species and strains of yeast are employed to produce these biomolecules. With the advancement of genetic engineering in yeast, lignocellulosic biomass has begun to be commercialized for producing various bioproducts required in the food, fuel, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetics industries. The increasing demands of these bioproducts worldwide lead to a necessity of utilizing xylose efficiently for yeast fermentation strategies together with/replacing glucose for more economic sustainability. However, yeast fermentation processes mostly employ glucose; hence, our understanding of xylose utilization by yeast has not been as scrupulous as it should have been. There has been a remarkable increase in the number of studies conducted on xylose utilization and metabolism in yeasts in the past decade. Our objective in this chapter is to highlight the key advancements and novel approaches in this area and to integrate our understanding of xylose metabolism in yeasts, which can help culminate into commercializing strategies in the future for the development of important bioproducts.
木糖是植物源木质纤维素生物质的第二大主要糖类成分，而木质纤维素生物质是微生物发酵中最丰富且可再生的原料。因此，从生物基产品（如燃料、精细化学品和高价值化合物）可持续发展的角度来看，木糖的综合利用至关重要。由于酵母具有多种固有优势，因此使用了各种酵母物种和菌株来生产这些生物分子。随着酵母基因工程的发展，木质纤维素生物质已开始商业化生产食品、燃料、制药、化工和化妆品行业所需的各种生物产品。全球对这些生物产品的需求不断增加，因此有必要高效利用木糖用于酵母发酵策略，以与葡萄糖一起使用/替代葡萄糖，从而实现更高的经济可持续性。然而，酵母发酵过程大多使用葡萄糖；因此，我们对酵母利用木糖的理解还不够细致入微。在过去十年中，关于酵母中木糖利用和代谢的研究数量显著增加。本章的目的是突出该领域的关键进展和新方法，并整合我们对酵母中木糖代谢的理解，这有助于在未来形成重要生物产品开发的商业化策略。
