Schumacher Thomas, Pugacheva Polina, Allam Hussien, Ramirez-Pinero Alejandro, Maier Benedikt, Rupfle Johannes, Helal Khalid, Popovych Olga, Hamza Amr G, Sholqamy Mohamed, Fath-Elbab Mohamed, Elkarmoty Mohamed, Tayoubi Mehdi, Helal Hany, Grosse Christian U
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, 1930 SW 4th Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
Chair of Non-Destructive Testing, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Franz-Langinger-Str. 10, 81245, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 18;15(1):9275. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91115-8.
While non-destructive testing (NDT) measurements have been reported individually for archeological surveys of cultural heritage structures, only a few studies to date have attempted to combine NDT images by means of image fusion (IF). In this article, novel multimodal IF results from three different NDT techniques collected at the Chevron located on the Great Pyramid of Giza (aka. as Khufu's Pyramid) are presented. The Chevron is an assembly of limestone blocks located in front of the recently confirmed ScanPyramids North Face Corridor (SP-NFC), which had been previously hidden for 4500 years. Under the research activities of the ScanPyramids mission, three profiles located on the Chevron were selected to explain multimodal IF in detail and highlight its usefulness in archeology. The NDT techniques employed in this study include ground penetrating radar (GPR), ultrasonic testing (UST), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). A discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based algorithm was employed to merge the reconstructed images from the three techniques for each profile, producing a single composite image. The final fused images contain pertinent information from all modalities, allowing to validate assumptions used to create the individual reconstructed images, and enable a more detailed examination of some of the conclusions reached in the authors' previous ScanPyramids work.
虽然已经有关于文化遗产建筑考古调查的无损检测（NDT）测量的单独报道，但迄今为止，只有少数研究尝试通过图像融合（IF）来合并无损检测图像。在本文中，展示了在吉萨大金字塔（又称胡夫金字塔）的人字墙上收集的三种不同无损检测技术的新型多模态图像融合结果。人字墙是一组位于最近确认的扫描金字塔北面部走廊（SP-NFC）前方的石灰岩块，该走廊此前已被隐藏了4500年。在扫描金字塔任务的研究活动中，选择了位于人字墙上的三个剖面来详细解释多模态图像融合，并突出其在考古学中的有用性。本研究中使用的无损检测技术包括探地雷达（GPR）、超声检测（UST）和电阻层析成像（ERT）。采用基于离散小波变换（DWT）的算法将每个剖面的三种技术重建的图像进行合并，生成单个合成图像。最终的融合图像包含了所有模态的相关信息，从而能够验证用于创建各个重建图像的假设，并有助于更详细地审视作者之前在扫描金字塔工作中得出的一些结论。
