Botia-Carreño Edwin Oswaldo, Elghandour Mona M M Y, Jack Akaninyene, Inyang Udoh A, Kreuzer-Redmer Susanne, Salem Abdelfattah Z M
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50295, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 18;15(1):9385. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94238-0.
The influence of nano-encapsulated Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on total gas (GP), ruminal methane (CH), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (HS) production, and fermentation activities of diets based on two different protein levels were investigated. A completely randomized experimental design with a factorial arrangement (2 × 4 × 4) with three replications was used. Factor 1 was the dietary protein levels (14%and 18%), factor 2 was the types of extracts used (TE; negative control (without extract), positive control (empty chitosan nano-capsules), Y. schidigera extract nano-capsules, and crude Y. schidigera extract), and factor 3 the doses of each type of extract (ED; 0-, 0.25-, 0.5-, and 1.0- mL extract/g DM). Nano-chitosan reduced the GP production with a higher protein level by 24.9% after 48 h while the crude extract elevated it. At both crude protein levels, the interaction of crude extract at an ED of 0.25 mL extract/g DM generated a higher volume of CH at 6 h (p = 0.001 and 0.001 respectively) compared to the volume generated by the negative control. The 0.25 mL extract/g DM extract for both the crude extract and nano-extract elicited higher and lower CO production at 6 h (p < 0.0001), respectively. Nano-chitosan at 0.25 mL extract/g DM resulted in less HS produced at 6 h than when crude extract was used at the same dose and a higher protein level (p = 0.027). The ED did not significantly affect any of the parameters under consideration as used under lower protein levels. However, TE affected pH and dry matter degradability (p < 0.0001) while the interaction of both TE and ED impacted both CH:SCFA and CH:ME (p = 0.045) with higher and lower values obtained for nano-chitosan and the negative control, respectively. In conclusion, nano-chitosan at a higher protein level proved its antimicrobial property, and although the production of CO increased at 14% protein, in vitro fermentation indicated its ability to minimize the production of GP, methane and hydrogen sulphide in the rumen, and to boost the degradability of DM and methane conversion efficiency.
研究了纳米包封的丝兰提取物（YSE）对基于两种不同蛋白质水平的日粮总气体（GP）、瘤胃甲烷（CH）、一氧化碳（CO）、硫化氢（HS）产生量以及发酵活性的影响。采用完全随机试验设计，按析因排列（2×4×4），重复3次。因素1为日粮蛋白质水平（14%和18%），因素2为所用提取物类型（TE；阴性对照（无提取物）、阳性对照（空壳聚糖纳米胶囊）、丝兰提取物纳米胶囊和丝兰粗提物），因素3为每种提取物的剂量（ED；0 -、0.25 -、0.5 -和1.0 - mL提取物/g干物质）。纳米壳聚糖在48小时后使较高蛋白质水平下的GP产生量降低了24.9%，而粗提物使其升高。在两种粗蛋白水平下，与阴性对照产生的量相比，ED为0.25 mL提取物/g干物质的粗提物在6小时时产生的CH量更高（分别为p = 0.001和0.001）。粗提物和纳米提取物的0.25 mL提取物/g干物质在6小时时分别引起较高和较低的CO产生量（p < 0.0001）。0.25 mL提取物/g干物质的纳米壳聚糖在6小时时产生HS的量比相同剂量且蛋白质水平较高时使用粗提物时少（p = 0.027）。在较低蛋白质水平下使用时，ED对所考虑的任何参数均无显著影响。然而，TE影响pH和干物质降解率（p < 0.0001），而TE和ED的相互作用影响CH:SCFA和CH:ME（p = 0.045），纳米壳聚糖和阴性对照分别获得较高和较低的值。总之，较高蛋白质水平下的纳米壳聚糖证明了其抗菌特性，尽管在14%蛋白质水平下CO的产生量增加，但体外发酵表明其能够使瘤胃中GP、甲烷和硫化氢的产生量降至最低，并提高干物质降解率和甲烷转化效率。
