Diao Xiuxue, Ben Tianru, Cheng Shitong, Niu Shumin, Gao Linlin, Xia Nan
The First Clinical College of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):1054. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22240-2.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy worldwide. A comprehensive global analysis of MM based on diverse geographic locations and timeframes is lacking. This study aimed to provide the incidence, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of MM, from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the age structure and temporal trends of the disease burden.
This study analysed the most recent MM data (1990 to 2021) from 204 countries and territories obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database. MM incidence, age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR), and DALYs were stratified by age, sex, and region to accurately reflect epidemiological trends and disease burden. The correlation between age-standardised rates and social population index was evaluated. To explore the influencing factors of MM, the annual percentage change (APC) and average APC rate (AAPC), as well as their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (UIs), were calculated.
In 2021, there were approximately 35,000 cases of MM worldwide, with the highest numbers in China and Germany, with 47,003 and 32,010 cases, respectively. In 2021, Europe had the highest ASIR and ASPR, while North America had the highest ASMR and DALYs. Globally, age-standardized ASPR, ASMR, and DALYs all increased between 1990 and 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years due to MM were higher in males than in females. The higher the sociodemographic index, the higher the ASPR.
The global prevalence, ASIR, ASMR and DALYs of MM increased, showing significant regional disparities. These findings underscore the need for prevention in specific populations and emphasise the urgent need for new therapies to reduce ASIR and improve patient prognosis.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是全球第二常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤。目前缺乏基于不同地理位置和时间框架的MM全球综合分析。本研究旨在提供1990年至2021年MM的发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs），重点关注疾病负担的年龄结构和时间趋势。
本研究分析了从全球疾病负担数据库获得的204个国家和地区的最新MM数据（1990年至2021年）。MM发病率、年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和DALYs按年龄、性别和地区分层，以准确反映流行病学趋势和疾病负担。评估了年龄标准化率与社会人口指数之间的相关性。为了探索MM的影响因素，计算了年度百分比变化（APC）和平均APC率（AAPC）及其相应的95%置信区间（UIs）。
2021年，全球约有35000例MM病例，中国和德国的病例数最多，分别为47003例和32010例。2021年，欧洲的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和年龄标准化患病率（ASPR）最高，而北美的年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和伤残调整生命年最高。在全球范围内，1990年至2021年期间，年龄标准化的ASPR、ASMR和DALYs均有所增加。1990年至2021年，男性因MM导致的病例数、死亡数和伤残调整生命年高于女性。社会人口指数越高，ASPR越高。
MM的全球患病率、ASIR、ASMR和DALYs均有所增加，显示出显著的地区差异。这些发现强调了在特定人群中进行预防的必要性，并强调迫切需要新的治疗方法来降低ASIR并改善患者预后。
