Exploring the perspectives of healthcare professionals on the most significant health disparities observed in perinatal settings: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND

Perinatal mood disorders impact an estimated 15-21% of pregnant and postpartum women and are the leading cause of maternal mortality. Research indicates that social and economic factors, racism, and persistent stress contribute to maternal and infant health outcomes. Healthcare professionals can play a key role in assisting perinatal mothers with their mental health and addressing systemic disparities that may impact access to care. Understanding healthcare professionals' perceptions is the first step in tailoring existing evidence-based interventions, implementing training in perinatal settings, and providing patient-centered care during this period.

METHODS

We used a purposive sampling technique to recruit 19 providers comprising of OBGYN providers, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives who work in the United States; specifically, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended interview questions were conducted. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and main themes emerged from the transcripts.

RESULTS

Five major themes were identified regarding the most significant health disparities observed in OBGYN practice in the Midwest area: (1) location-based disparities in access and support for perinatal care; (2) barriers to accessing perinatal care; (3) intersecting health risks; (4) racial disparities; (5) navigating isolation.

CONCLUSIONS

Study findings provide a comprehensive view of the health disparities perceived by these healthcare professionals during the perinatal period. These findings offer insight into the systemic inequities that affect maternal and infant outcomes. Overall, results may offer evidence for improving cultural competency in the medical setting and providing a greater understanding of the complex interplay of factors that influence outcomes for mothers and infants.