Zhang Ting, Zhou Shuqing, Cheng Chunyan, Yang Yang, Yang Dong, Shi Danyang, Li Haibei, Yang Zhongwei, Chen Tianjiao, Li Junwen, Jin Min
Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity,Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity,Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Apr 1;294:118063. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118063. Epub 2025 Mar 18.
The microbiological safety of urban rivers that flow through cities is crucial to local public health. However, detailed insights into the key characteristics of pathogens in urban rivers remain limited due to the lack of efficient high-throughput analysis tools. In this study, a comprehensive profiling of potential pathogens, antibiotic-resistant pathogens (ARPs), and multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDRPs) in the Hai River, which runs through the central city of Tianjin, was conducted using metagenomic assembled genome (MAG) analysis. Of the 436 recovered MAGs assigned to 430 species, 110 MAGs were identified as potential pathogens due to the presence of virulence factors (VFs), whereas 19 MAGs containing both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and VFs, were classified as potential ARPs, predominantly belonging to the genera Kluyvera, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. Notably, nine species of MDRPs, including Enterobacter kobei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Kluyvera intermedia, Aeromonas salmonicida, Rahnella aceris, Hafnia paralvei, the unidentified species Sep. D_bin46, and Vibrio cholerae, exhibited resistance to multidrug, beta-lactam, polymyxin, bacitracin, tetracycline, other peptide antibiotics, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, aminoglycoside, and chloramphenicol. The unknown pathogen Sep. D_bin46, classified under Aeromonas, showed resistance to both carbapenems and polymyxins. The strong co-occurrence of ARGs, VFs, and mobile genetic elements suggests a significant risk of ARGs and VFs transfers among MDRPs with last-resort ARGs (r > 0.8; p < 0.05). Interestingly, the sampling location significantly influenced the presence of pathogens, ARPs, and MDRPs carrying last-resort ARGs in the water. Notably, their abundance was lower downstream of the Hai River compared to upstream. This observation suggests that urban environmental sanitation facilities may be more effective in reducing contaminants as the river flows from upstream to downstream. Nevertheless, the presence of pathogens, ARPs, and MDRPs with last-resort ARGs in the water underscores the ongoing microbiological risks associated with urban surface water.
流经城市的城市河流的微生物安全性对当地公众健康至关重要。然而，由于缺乏高效的高通量分析工具，对城市河流中病原体关键特征的详细了解仍然有限。在本研究中，利用宏基因组组装基因组（MAG）分析，对流经天津市中心的海河中的潜在病原体、抗生素抗性病原体（ARP）和多重耐药病原体（MDRP）进行了全面分析。在436个回收的MAG中，有430个物种，其中110个MAG由于存在毒力因子（VF）而被鉴定为潜在病原体，而19个同时含有抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和VF的MAG被归类为潜在ARP，主要属于克吕沃氏菌属、肠杆菌属和克雷伯氏菌属。值得注意的是，九种MDRP，包括科贝肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、摩根摩根菌、中间克吕沃氏菌、杀鲑气单胞菌、 Acer拉恩菌、副溶血哈夫尼菌、未鉴定物种Sep. D_bin46和霍乱弧菌，对多种药物、β-内酰胺类、多粘菌素、杆菌肽、四环素、其他肽类抗生素、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链阳霉素、氨基糖苷类和氯霉素表现出抗性。归类于气单胞菌属的未知病原体Sep. D_bin46对碳青霉烯类和多粘菌素均有抗性。ARG、VF和移动遗传元件的强烈共现表明，带有最后手段ARG的MDRP之间存在ARG和VF转移的重大风险（r > 0.8；p < 0.05）。有趣的是，采样位置显著影响了水中携带最后手段ARG的病原体、ARP和MDRP的存在。值得注意的是，海河下游它们的丰度比上游低。这一观察结果表明，随着河流从上游流向下游，城市环境卫生设施在减少污染物方面可能更有效。然而，水中存在带有最后手段ARG的病原体、ARP和MDRP突出了与城市地表水相关的持续微生物风险。
