Bheel Naraindas, Chohan Imran Mir, Alraeeini Ahmed Saleh, Alwetaishi Mamdooh, Waheeb Sahl Abdullah, Alkhattabi Loai, Benjeddou Omrane
Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Indus University, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 19;15(1):9428. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94382-7.
Currently, chemical attacks, including acid attacks and sulphate attacks, pose a significant problem for the long-term durability of concrete infrastructures that encounter many types of water, including swamp water, marine water, sewage water, drinkable water, and groundwater. Therefore, the intention of this work is to enhance the durability and resistance of concrete against chemical attack by blending titanium dioxide (TiO) as nanoparticles into designed cementitious composites. The purpose of current study is to obtain an appropriate TiO based on the cement's weight and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber in composites using multi-objective optimisation. Thirteen mixtures comprising diverse combinations of variables (TiO: 1-2%, PVA: 1-2%) were formulated utilising RSM modelling. Seven responses were assessed for these mixtures, including weight loss, compressive strength, expansion, a rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and a pH test. Analysis of variance, on the other hand, was utilised to construct and assess eight response models (one linear and six quadratics in nature). The R values for models spanning from 88 to 99%. The multi-objective optimisation generated optimal response values and ideal variable values (1% PVA and 1.5% TiO). Experimental verification revealed that the predicted values correlated exceedingly well with the experimental data, with an error rate of less than 5%. The outcomes indicate that a 30% rise in compressive strength was noted when 1.5% TiO nanomaterial was incorporated into ECC. Furthermore, the expansion caused by sulphate attack decreases when TiO used as a nanomaterial increases in composites. Besides, when the concentration of TiO in ECC increased, the pH value, and weight loss caused by acid attack reduced. In addition, the RCPT is recorded reducing when the content of TiO increases but it increases with addition of PVA fiber. It has been shown that including 1.5% TiO and 1% PVA fiber yields the optimal results for the building sector.
目前，包括酸侵蚀和硫酸盐侵蚀在内的化学侵蚀，对于面临多种类型水（包括沼泽水、海水、污水、饮用水和地下水）的混凝土基础设施的长期耐久性而言，是一个重大问题。因此，本研究的目的是通过将纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）掺入设计的水泥基复合材料中，提高混凝土对化学侵蚀的耐久性和抗性。当前研究的目的是使用多目标优化方法，基于复合材料中水泥的重量和聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维，获得合适的TiO₂掺量。利用响应曲面法（RSM）建模，配制了13种包含不同变量组合（TiO₂：1 - 2%，PVA：1 - 2%）的混合物。对这些混合物评估了七个响应指标，包括重量损失、抗压强度、膨胀、快速氯离子渗透试验（RCPT）和pH值测试。另一方面，利用方差分析构建并评估了八个响应模型（一个线性模型和六个二次模型）。模型的R值范围为88%至99%。多目标优化产生了最佳响应值和理想变量值（1% PVA和1.5% TiO₂）。实验验证表明，预测值与实验数据高度相关，误差率小于5%。结果表明，当将1.5%的TiO₂纳米材料掺入工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）中时，抗压强度提高了30%。此外，当复合材料中用作纳米材料的TiO₂增加时，硫酸盐侵蚀引起的膨胀减小。此外，当ECC中TiO₂的浓度增加时，酸侵蚀引起的pH值和重量损失降低。另外，当TiO₂含量增加时，RCPT结果降低，但随着PVA纤维的添加而增加。结果表明，包含1.5% TiO₂和1% PVA纤维对建筑行业产生最佳效果。
