Wang Pengfei, Guo Qiya, Cheng Xue, Zhao Wen, Fang Hongyun, Ju Lahong, Xu Xiaoli, Wei Xiaoqi, Gong Weiyi, Hua Lei, Li Jiaxi, Wu Xingxing, He Li
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing100050, China.
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing100050, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):1072. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22199-0.
Anemia is a condition that has been affected 1.92 billion people worldwide in 2021, leading physical decline, functional limitation and cognitive impairment. However, there are currently fewer studies focusing on the relationship between anemia and dietary patterns in older adults. This study aimed to analysis the dietary patterns in older adults aged 60 and above in China and their association with anemia.
The data was obtained from the 2015 Chinese Adults Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance (2015 CACDNS), dietary information was collected using the food frequency method within the past year, exploratory factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and anemia.
A total of 48,955 elderly people were included, and the number of anemia patients was 4,417 (9.02%). Four dietary patterns were categorized by the exploratory factor analysis, two dietary patterns have been found to have a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence of anemia. Compared to the first quintile, the fifth quintile of dietary pattern 2 (DP2), characterized by high intake of rice and flour, fresh vegetables, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, was associated with higher prevalence of anemia in older adults (OR = 1.412, 95%CI: 1.273-1.567, P < 0.0001), and the trend test results showed that score of this dietary pattern was associated with higher prevalence of anemia (p for trend < 0.0001). Compared to the first quintile, Dietary Pattern 4 (DP4), rich in fungi and algae, fried dough products, other grains, various beans, and rice and flour, was linked to lower prevalence of anemia of the fifth quintile (OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.674-0.874, P < 0.0001). And DP4 score was associated with lower prevalence of anemia (P for trend < 0.0001).
There were differences in dietary patterns among elderly people over 60 in China, and the prevalence of anemia in older adults was related to DP2, and DP4.
贫血是一种在2021年影响了全球19.2亿人的疾病，会导致身体机能下降、功能受限和认知障碍。然而，目前关注老年人贫血与饮食模式之间关系的研究较少。本研究旨在分析中国60岁及以上老年人的饮食模式及其与贫血的关联。
数据来自2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测（2015 CACDNS），采用食物频率法收集过去一年的饮食信息，运用探索性因子分析提取饮食模式，并使用逻辑回归分析饮食模式与贫血之间的关系。
共纳入48955名老年人，贫血患者有4417人（9.02%）。通过探索性因子分析将饮食模式分为四类，发现其中两种饮食模式与贫血患病率存在统计学显著关系。与第一五分位数相比，饮食模式2（DP2）的第五五分位数，其特点是大米、面粉、新鲜蔬菜、畜禽肉、水产品摄入量高，与老年人贫血患病率较高相关（OR = 1.412，95%CI：1.273 - 1.567，P < 0.0001），趋势检验结果显示该饮食模式得分与贫血患病率较高相关（趋势p < 0.0001）。与第一五分位数相比，富含菌类、藻类、油炸面制品、其他谷物、各类豆类以及大米和面粉的饮食模式4（DP4）与第五五分位数贫血患病率较低相关（OR = 0.768，95%CI：0.674 - 0.874，P < 0.0001）。并且DP4得分与贫血患病率较低相关（趋势P < 0.0001）。
中国60岁以上老年人的饮食模式存在差异，老年人贫血患病率与DP2和DP4有关。
