人类社会劳动分工中的低效现象。
Inefficiencies in the division of labour in human societies.
作者信息
Diehl Claudia, Preisendörfer Peter
机构信息
Department of History and Sociology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany.
Institute of Sociology, University of Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
出版信息
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2025 Mar 20;380(1922):20230278. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0278.
The article reviews the long-standing debate on the division of labour in human societies from a sociological perspective. The division of labour is analysed as a secular trend towards increasing specialization on the one hand and as prevailing arrangements of specialization on the other. The dominant view in economics and other social sciences is that division of labour exists in human societies because it is efficient. We cast doubt on this view by discussing objections to the efficiency paradigm. We show that efficiency considerations, while important, are ultimately insufficient to explain both increasing specialization over time and prevailing arrangements of specialization in real life. As a broader framework, we briefly outline an explanatory triad of efficiency, norms and power. Social norms and power relations often complement unclear and ambiguous efficiency and performance criteria, but they can also conflict with principles of efficiency and rationality.This article is part of the theme issue 'Division of labour as key driver of social evolution'.
本文从社会学视角回顾了关于人类社会劳动分工的长期争论。劳动分工一方面被分析为专业化程度不断提高的长期趋势，另一方面被分析为专业化的普遍安排。经济学和其他社会科学中的主流观点认为，劳动分工存在于人类社会是因为它有效率。我们通过讨论对效率范式的反对意见来质疑这一观点。我们表明，效率考量虽然重要，但最终不足以解释随着时间推移专业化程度的提高以及现实生活中专业化的普遍安排。作为一个更广泛的框架，我们简要概述了效率、规范和权力的解释三元组。社会规范和权力关系常常补充不明确和模糊的效率及绩效标准，但它们也可能与效率和理性原则相冲突。本文是主题为“劳动分工作为社会进化的关键驱动力”的一部分。
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