Arif Muhammad, Tahir Fatima, Hussain Tajamul, Alrokayan Salman, Akhter Toheed
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia.
RSC Adv. 2025 Mar 19;15(11):8580-8593. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00713e. eCollection 2025 Mar 17.
Aromatic compounds containing aldehyde and nitro groups are very toxic to human health. Moreover, complete degradation of these compounds is not possible. Therefore, these compounds are converted into less toxic but more useful hydroxy-methyl aniline (HMA) derivatives. This conversion is performed using a suitable catalyst and a reducing agent. Therefore, alginate-poly(-isopropylacrylamide-methacrylic acid) (AN-P(NIPAM-MAAc)) (AN-P(NM)) microgels were synthesized a free radical precipitation polymerization (FRPP) method and were used as a micro-reactor for synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) into the polymeric network using reduction methods. The synthesized AN-P(NM) microgels and Ag-AN-P(NM) hybrid microgels were characterized through SEM, FTIR, TEM, XRD, UV-vis spectroscopy, and EDX. Ag-AN-P(NM) exhibited temperature- and pH-responsive behavior as well as long-term stability of Ag nanoparticles in a polymeric network of AP(NM). Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (4NBA) was evaluated under different conditions, such as different contents of Ag-AN-P(NM), 4NBA concentrations, temperatures, and concentrations of NaBH. The Ag-AP(NM) hybrid microgels catalytically reduced 3-nitrobenzaldehyde (3NBA), 4NBA, and 3,5-dinitrobanzaldehyde (3,5DNBA) into their corresponding HA compounds in a water medium. The apparent rate constant ( ) values for 3NBA, 4NBA, and 3,5DNBA were found to be 1.73 min, 1.48 min, and 1.19 min, respectively. Ag-AP(NM) exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency, recyclability, and stability as well as retained its performance across multiple cycles.
含有醛基和硝基的芳香族化合物对人体健康毒性极大。此外，这些化合物无法完全降解。因此，这些化合物被转化为毒性较小但更有用的羟甲基苯胺（HMA）衍生物。这种转化是使用合适的催化剂和还原剂进行的。因此，通过自由基沉淀聚合（FRPP）方法合成了藻酸盐 - 聚（N - 异丙基丙烯酰胺 - 甲基丙烯酸）（AN - P（NIPAM - MAAc））（AN - P（NM））微凝胶，并将其用作微反应器，通过还原方法在聚合物网络中合成银（Ag）纳米颗粒（NPs）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外 - 可见光谱和能谱分析（EDX）对合成的AN - P（NM）微凝胶和Ag - AN - P（NM）杂化微凝胶进行了表征。Ag - AN - P（NM）表现出温度和pH响应行为，以及Ag纳米颗粒在AP（NM）聚合物网络中的长期稳定性。在不同条件下，如不同含量的Ag - AN - P（NM）、4 - 硝基苯甲醛（4NBA）浓度、温度和硼氢化钠（NaBH）浓度，对4 - 硝基苯甲醛（4NBA）的催化还原进行了评估。Ag - AP（NM）杂化微凝胶在水介质中将3 - 硝基苯甲醛（3NBA）、4NBA和3,5 - 二硝基苯甲醛（3,5DNBA）催化还原为它们相应的HMA化合物。发现3NBA、4NBA和3,5DNBA的表观速率常数（）值分别为1.73 min⁻¹、1.48 min⁻¹和1.19 min⁻¹。Ag - AP（NM）表现出出色的催化效率、可回收性和稳定性，并且在多个循环中保持其性能。
