Arif Muhammad
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 4;15(34):27668-27684. doi: 10.1039/d5ra04059k. eCollection 2025 Aug 1.
Organic dyes are widely used in many industries, producing health issues after being discharged into wastewater. Methyl orange (MO) is an organic azo dye which is also released into wastewater from different industries and causes toxicity in the environment. Recently, eco-friendly approaches to remove MO from water have garnered significant interest. Among these, the application of inorganic metal nanoparticles (IMNPs) for the catalytic and photocatalytic reduction of MO is an emerging approach for effective and sustainable pollutant remediation. Various IMNPs, which are used for reduction of MO or conversion of MO into eco-friendly products recently through catalytic and photocatalytic reactions, are discussed in this review, as is the synthesis of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles with and without capping agents which affect their stabilization as well as catalytic performance against MO. The capping agents enhance the catalytic performance of both mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles, recyclable properties, and tuning ability. Additionally, the characterization techniques employed to examine the properties of IMNPs and to monitor the catalytic reduction of MO are discussed. Future research directions should prioritize the separation and characterization of the products formed after MO catalytic treatment to assess their potential applications and improve reaction rates.
有机染料在许多行业中广泛使用，排放到废水中后会产生健康问题。甲基橙（MO）是一种有机偶氮染料，也从不同行业排放到废水中，并在环境中造成毒性。最近，从水中去除MO的环保方法引起了广泛关注。其中，应用无机金属纳米颗粒（IMNPs）催化和光催化还原MO是一种有效且可持续的污染物修复新方法。本文综述了最近通过催化和光催化反应用于还原MO或将MO转化为环保产品的各种IMNPs，以及有无封端剂的单金属和双金属纳米颗粒的合成，封端剂会影响其稳定性以及对MO的催化性能。封端剂提高了单金属和双金属纳米颗粒的催化性能、可回收性能和调节能力。此外，还讨论了用于检查IMNPs性质和监测MO催化还原的表征技术。未来的研究方向应优先考虑MO催化处理后形成的产物的分离和表征，以评估其潜在应用并提高反应速率。
