Song Keying, Luo Jiedan, Cao Xiaodong, Zhao Zijian
Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Mar 20;20(3):e0319105. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319105. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to reveal urban-rural disparities in successful aging among Chinese older adults and the impact of gender and age on aging outcomes. We utilized the Successful Aging Index (SAI), a multidimensional measure encompassing social, economic, bio-clinical, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Scores on the SAI range from 0 to 10, with higher scores signifying better aging. Data was sourced from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, comprising 7,315 participants. Urban older adults (OU) had significantly higher SAI scores than rural older adults (OR), with averages of 4.32 ± 1.44 and 3.85 ± 1.24, respectively (p < 0.001). Men showed more successful aging than women, regardless of their residence (p < 0.001). OU had better financial and educational status and higher social activity scores, except for friend interaction (p < 0.001). They were more physically active (p < 0.001), more adherent to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001), and less likely to smoke (p = 0.018). However, OU had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors compared to OR (p < 0.001). Notably, depression scores were similar between OU and OR (p = 0.129). In summary, significant urban-rural differences in successful aging are evident among Chinese older adults, with urban-dwelling older adults aging more successfully than their rural peers. Men, irrespective of their place of residence, experience more successful aging outcomes than women.
本研究旨在揭示中国老年人成功老龄化方面的城乡差异以及性别和年龄对老龄化结果的影响。我们采用了成功老龄化指数（SAI），这是一种涵盖社会、经济、生物临床、心理和生活方式因素的多维度测量方法。SAI得分范围为0至10分，得分越高表明老龄化状况越好。数据来源于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查，共有7315名参与者。城市老年人（OU）的SAI得分显著高于农村老年人（OR），平均分分别为4.32±1.44和3.85±1.24（p<0.001）。无论居住地点如何，男性的老龄化状况比女性更成功（p<0.001）。除朋友互动外，城市老年人的经济和教育状况更好，社会活动得分更高（p<0.001）。他们身体更活跃（p<0.001），更坚持地中海饮食（p<0.001），吸烟可能性更小（p=0.018）。然而，与农村老年人相比，城市老年人心血管疾病风险因素的患病率更高（p<0.001）。值得注意的是，城市老年人和农村老年人的抑郁得分相似（p=0.129）。总之，中国老年人在成功老龄化方面存在显著的城乡差异，城市居住的老年人比农村同龄人老龄化更成功。无论居住地点如何，男性的老龄化结果比女性更成功。
