Detopoulou Paraskevi, Grammatikopoulou Maria G, Lytra Eleni, Pylarinou Ioanna, Panoutsopoulos George
Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece.
Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2025 Jun;67:404-409. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.022. Epub 2025 Mar 18.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI), a global multi-disciplinary non-profit framework, has created a standardized communication code to describe foods and liquids for individuals with dysphagia. For liquids, four levels have been determined (Level 0: Thin 1; Level 1: Slightly thick; Level 2: Mildly thick; Level 3: Moderately thick; Level 4: Extremely thick). The implementation of the IDDSI terminology is still in progress. Thus, most commercially available oral nutritional supplements lack an IDDSI identification label. The objective of the present work was to characterize oral nutritional supplements in terms of IDDSI, to facilitate its implementation.
Several supplements commercially available were tested and categorized according to the IDDSI system for liquids. Supplements in powder form were prepared according to manufacturers' instructions. The IDDSI Flow Test was performed with specified syringes according to standard methodology.
In total, 40 products from seven companies (Abbott, Medella, Nestle Health Science, Nutricia, Nutrisens, and Nutrimedica) were assessed, including different flavors from the same product line. Most products were classified at IDDSI 0 and 1 levels. Compact product forms were classified at the IDDSI 2 level, while soups and creams were classified at the IDDSI 3 or 4 level.
Patients with dysphagia and malnutrition can choose from various products classified according to the IDDSI classification to meet their nutritional needs.
背景/目的：国际吞咽困难饮食标准化倡议（IDDSI）是一个全球性的多学科非营利框架，它创建了一个标准化的沟通代码，用于描述吞咽困难患者的食物和液体。对于液体，已确定了四个级别（0级：稀薄1；1级：稍浓稠；2级：轻度浓稠；3级：中度浓稠；4级：极度浓稠）。IDDSI术语的实施仍在进行中。因此，大多数市售的口服营养补充剂缺乏IDDSI标识标签。本研究的目的是根据IDDSI对口服营养补充剂进行特征描述，以促进其实施。
对几种市售补充剂进行测试，并根据IDDSI液体系统进行分类。粉末状补充剂按照制造商的说明制备。使用指定的注射器按照标准方法进行IDDSI流动测试。
总共评估了来自七家公司（雅培、美乐佳、雀巢健康科学、纽迪希亚、纽迪森和纽迪美卡）的40种产品，包括同一产品线的不同口味。大多数产品被归类为IDDSI 0级和1级。紧凑型产品形式被归类为IDDSI 2级，而汤类和乳霜类被归类为IDDSI 3级或4级。
吞咽困难和营养不良的患者可以从根据IDDSI分类的各种产品中进行选择，以满足他们的营养需求。
