Kaplan-Arabaci Oykum, Dančišinová Zuzana, Paulsen Ragnhild Elisabeth
Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2025 Apr;13(2):e70086. doi: 10.1002/prp2.70086.
To examine various medications and substances, in vivo models such as rats and mice are routinely used. However, it is utterly desirable to reduce extensive amounts of animals for these experimental models, which are costly and time-consuming. Animals are frequently put through a variety of procedures that could cause them pain, distress, or even harm; therefore, it is important to think about the ethical ramifications of using them in research. Thus, by following the three R's of animal research: reduction, replacement, and refinement, living animals used in studies should be minimized. The embryo of Gallus gallus, the domestic chicken, is a great model to research many different diseases and conditions. Its efficient blood supply from the chorioallantoic membrane gives us a unique possibility to administer chemicals or cells to the embryo in a noninvasive manner. In this review, we evaluate some advantages and disadvantages of using the developing chicken as an alternative in vivo model for development, disease, and pharmacological treatment. We focus on the top two leading causes of death: neurological disorders and cancer. We present a number of studies that describe the use of the chicken embryo in neuroscience and neurodevelopment research, in cancer research, and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. These studies show that the chicken embryo is an inexpensive, readily available, self-sufficient model with a short incubation period, high accessibility, and ideal for drug screening, making it an appealing model that can provide insightful biological and pharmacological information.
为了研究各种药物和物质，通常会使用大鼠和小鼠等体内模型。然而，非常有必要减少用于这些实验模型的大量动物，因为这些模型成本高且耗时。动物经常要经历各种可能导致它们疼痛、痛苦甚至伤害的程序；因此，考虑在研究中使用它们的伦理影响很重要。因此，遵循动物研究的三个原则：减少、替代和优化，应尽量减少研究中使用的活体动物。家鸡（Gallus gallus）的胚胎是研究许多不同疾病和病症的理想模型。其来自尿囊绒膜的高效血液供应使我们有独特的可能性以非侵入性方式向胚胎给药化学物质或细胞。在这篇综述中，我们评估了将发育中的鸡作为发育、疾病和药物治疗的替代体内模型的一些优缺点。我们关注两大主要死因：神经系统疾病和癌症。我们介绍了一些描述鸡胚胎在神经科学和神经发育研究、癌症研究以及药效学和药代动力学研究中的应用的研究。这些研究表明，鸡胚胎是一种廉价、易于获得、自给自足的模型，孵化期短、易接近，非常适合药物筛选，使其成为一个有吸引力的模型，能够提供有见地的生物学和药理学信息。
