Marchianò Silvia, Biagioli Michele, Giorgio Cristina Di, Massa Carmen, Bellini Rachele, Bordoni Martina, Urbani Ginevra, Lachi Ginevra, Sepe Valentina, Morretta Elva, Distrutti Eleonora, Zampella Angela, Monti Maria Chiara, Fiorucci Stefano
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
BAR PHARMACEUTICALS s.r.l. Via Gramsci 88/A 42124 Reggio Emilia IT, Italy.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jun;236:116883. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116883. Epub 2025 Mar 19.
Secondary bile acids, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid (LCA and DCA), are dehydroxylated derivatives of primary bile acids. However, in addition to LCA and DCA the intestinal microbiota produced a variety of poorly characterized metabolites. Allo-LCA, a LCA metabolite, acts as a dual GPBAR1 agonist and RORγt inverse agonist and modulates intestinal immunity, although is not yet known whether allo-LCA exerts regulatory functions outside the intestine. In the present study we have therefore investigated whether administration of allo-LCA, 10 mg/kg/day, to mice administered a high fat/high fructose diet (HFD-F) and carbon tetrachloride (Ccl4), a model for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), protects from development of liver damage. In vitro allo-LCA functions as GPBAR1 agonist and RORγt inverse agonist and prevents macrophages M1 polarization and Th17 polarization of CD4 cells. In vivo studies, while exposure to a HFD-F/Ccl4 promoted insulin resistance and development of a pro-atherogenic lipid profile and liver steatosis and fibrosis, allo-LCA reversed this pattern by improving insulin sensitivity and liver lipid accumulation. The liver transcriptomic profile demonstrated that allo-LCA reversed the dysregulation of multiple pathways associated with immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling. Allo-LCA also restored bile acid homeostasis, reversing HFD/Ccl4-induced shifts in bile acid pool composition and restored adipose tissue histopathology and function by reducing the expression of leptin and resistin, two pro-inflammatory adipokines, and restored a healthier composition of the intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, present results expand on the characterization of entero-hepatic signaling and suggest that allo-LCA, a microbial metabolite, might have therapeutic potential in liver diseases.
次级胆汁酸,石胆酸和脱氧胆酸(LCA和DCA),是初级胆汁酸的脱羟基衍生物。然而,除了LCA和DCA之外,肠道微生物群还产生了多种特征不明的代谢产物。别-石胆酸(allo-LCA),一种LCA代谢产物,作为双重GPBAR1激动剂和RORγt反向激动剂并调节肠道免疫,尽管尚不清楚allo-LCA是否在肠道外发挥调节功能。因此,在本研究中,我们研究了对给予高脂肪/高果糖饮食(HFD-F)和四氯化碳(Ccl4)的小鼠(一种代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(MASH)模型)给予10mg/kg/天的allo-LCA是否能预防肝损伤的发生。在体外,allo-LCA作为GPBAR1激动剂和RORγt反向激动剂发挥作用,并防止巨噬细胞M1极化和CD4细胞的Th17极化。在体内研究中,虽然暴露于HFD-F/Ccl4会促进胰岛素抵抗、促动脉粥样硬化脂质谱的形成以及肝脂肪变性和纤维化,但allo-LCA通过改善胰岛素敏感性和肝脏脂质积累逆转了这种模式。肝脏转录组学分析表明,allo-LCA逆转了与免疫、炎症和代谢信号相关的多种途径的失调。allo-LCA还恢复了胆汁酸稳态,逆转了HFD/Ccl4诱导的胆汁酸池组成变化,并通过降低两种促炎脂肪因子瘦素和抵抗素的表达恢复了脂肪组织的组织病理学和功能,还恢复了更健康的肠道微生物群组成。总之,目前的结果扩展了肠-肝信号传导的特征,并表明微生物代谢产物allo-LCA可能在肝脏疾病中具有治疗潜力。
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