Hydrolytic endonucleolytic ribozyme (HYER): Systematic identification, characterization and potential application in nucleic acid manipulation.

Group II introns are transposable elements that can propagate in host genomes through the "copy and paste" mechanism. They usually comprise RNA and protein components for effective propagation. Recently, we found that some bacterial GII-C introns without protein components had multiple copies in their resident genomes, implicating their potential transposition activity. We demonstrated that some of these systems are active for hydrolytic DNA cleavage and proved their DNA manipulation capability in bacterial or mammalian cells. These introns are therefore named HYdrolytic Endonucleolytic Ribozymes (HYERs). Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the systematic identification and characterization of HYERs and present our perspectives on its potential application in nucleic acid manipulation.