Joshi Rahul L, Sharma Hemant, Mehta Vaibhavkumar N, Patel Sunil K, Bambharoliya Krinal
Department of Plant Pathology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India.
Director of Extension Education, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India.
Food Chem. 2025 Jul 15;480:143625. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143625. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
In this study, the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) mediated by Azadirachta indica is reported, along with an evaluation of their antifungal activity against post-harvest anthracnose and their effects on the storage behaviour (shelf life) and physico-chemical properties of 'Kesar' mangoes, particularly those associated with the ripening process. The CuO NPs were initially synthesized using neem leaf extract and characterized through UV- Visible spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, DLS and zeta potential. Characterization confirmed their monoclinic crystalline structure, spherical morphology, high purity, and stability, with a mean size of 50.93 nm and a zeta potential of -32.50 mV. The antifungal activities of synthesized CuO NPs against the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were assessed using poisoned food technique in which 1000 ppm CuO NPs showed lowest colony diameter (20.70 mm) and highest per cent growth inhibition (77.00 %). Subsequently in a dipping treatment lowest per cent disease incidence (00.00 %) were recorded in fruit treated with CuO NPs @ 200 ppm and 250 ppm, respectively. While, highest shelf life (18.23 days) were recorded in fruit treated with CuO NPs @ 250 ppm. Untreated control fruit exhibited increased per cent weight loss, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total soluble solids (TSS) over the storage period which responsible for early and rapid ripening. Post-harvest treatments of CuO NPs improved mango quality by reducing weight loss, retaining firmness, and delaying ripening through maintaining peel thickness, lower sugar levels, and higher titratable acidity and ascorbic acid. The 250 ppm concentration was most effective, ensuring safety with copper levels below toxicity thresholds. Therefore, A. indica-CuO NPs treatment is an eco-friendly and safe alternative to preserve fruit quality, reducing post-harvest disease/losses and extending the storage period (shelf life) of mango by delayed the ripening process.
本研究报道了印楝介导的氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs）的绿色合成，以及对其抗采后炭疽病的抗菌活性及其对‘凯萨尔’芒果贮藏行为（货架期）和理化性质的影响，特别是与成熟过程相关的性质。最初使用印楝叶提取物合成了CuO NPs，并通过紫外-可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、高分辨率透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、动态光散射和zeta电位对其进行了表征。表征证实了它们的单斜晶体结构、球形形态、高纯度和稳定性，平均粒径为50.93 nm，zeta电位为-32.50 mV。使用含毒食物技术评估了合成的CuO NPs对胶孢炭疽菌的抗菌活性，其中1000 ppm的CuO NPs菌落直径最小（20.70 mm），生长抑制率最高（77.00%）。随后，在浸蘸处理中，分别用200 ppm和250 ppm的CuO NPs处理的果实病害发生率最低（00.00%）。同时，用250 ppm的CuO NPs处理的果实货架期最长（18.23天）。未处理的对照果实在贮藏期间失重、总糖、还原糖、非还原糖和总可溶性固形物（TSS）百分比增加，这导致了果实的早期快速成熟。采后CuO NPs处理通过减少失重、保持硬度以及通过维持果皮厚度、降低糖水平、提高可滴定酸度和抗坏血酸来延迟成熟，从而提高了芒果品质。250 ppm的浓度最有效，确保了铜含量低于毒性阈值时的安全性。因此，印楝-CuO NPs处理是一种生态友好且安全的替代方法，可通过延缓成熟过程来保持果实品质、减少采后病害/损失并延长芒果的贮藏期（货架期）。
