Teodoro-Paulo Jéssica, Deere Jacques A, Valeriano-Santos João, Charlesworth Steven, Duncan Alison B, Kant Merijn R, Alba Juan M
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Global Change and Sustainability Institute (cE3c - CHANGE), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Pest Sci (2004). 2025;98(1):535-548. doi: 10.1007/s10340-024-01781-2. Epub 2024 Apr 20.
Rising temperatures due to climate change are predicted to accelerate the life cycle of arthropod herbivores thereby exacerbating pest formation. Notorious pests like spider mites thrive in areas with high temperatures (32-35 °C), and it is predicted that the size and number of such areas will expand in the coming decades. Higher temperatures can directly accelerate population growth, but also indirectly affect them through changes in the plant's defensive mechanisms. Spider mites have been shown to adapt to plant defences, with natural selection favouring defence-suppressing traits. However, it is not known to what extent suppression is affected by rising temperatures and how this might tie into the rate of adaptation and pest damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of two temperatures (25 °C and 32 °C), on the spider mite-tomato interaction, predicting the influence of rising temperatures on favouring defence-adapted mites. We found that all mite strains caused more plant damage at 32 °C, but temperature did not affect the overall patterns of induction and suppression of defence genes. Although fecundity was higher for all strains at 32 °C, juvenile and adult survival was lower, especially for inducer mites. With these data, we parametrized population models for the two strains over three months, indicating that suppressor mites might displace inducers at the higher temperature, either when it is constant or in the form of heat waves. Our models predict that in areas with higher temperatures, defence-suppressing mites are favoured, which will accelerate and consequently spur pest formation.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-024-01781-2.
气候变化导致的气温上升预计将加速节肢动物食草动物的生命周期，从而加剧害虫的形成。像叶螨这样的臭名昭著的害虫在高温（32 - 35°C）地区繁衍，预计在未来几十年，此类地区的面积和数量将会扩大。较高的温度不仅可以直接加速种群增长，还会通过改变植物的防御机制间接影响它们。叶螨已被证明能够适应植物防御，自然选择有利于具有防御抑制特性的个体。然而，目前尚不清楚抑制作用在多大程度上受到气温上升的影响，以及这如何与适应率和害虫危害相关联。在本研究中，我们调查了两种温度（25°C和32°C）对叶螨 - 番茄相互作用的影响，预测气温上升对有利于适应防御的叶螨的影响。我们发现，所有叶螨品系在32°C时对植物造成的损害更大，但温度并未影响防御基因诱导和抑制的总体模式。尽管所有品系在32°C时的繁殖力更高，但幼虫和成虫的存活率较低，尤其是诱导型叶螨。利用这些数据，我们对两个品系在三个月内的种群模型进行了参数化，表明在较高温度下，无论是恒温还是以热浪形式出现，抑制型叶螨可能会取代诱导型叶螨。我们的模型预测，在温度较高的地区，有利于防御抑制的叶螨，这将加速并因此刺激害虫的形成。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10340 - 024 - 01781 - 2获取的补充材料。
