Sanchez Sylvia S, Sillé Fenna C M
Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
Curr Opin Physiol. 2025 Mar;43. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100813. Epub 2025 Jan 17.
Environmental pollutants can adversely impact various physiological processes, affecting systems such as the respiratory and immune systems. Immune responses are influenced by various factors including age, hormonal status, genetic background, and notably, sex, with effects extending to both innate and adaptive immunity. External factors, like environmental pollutants, can also disrupt innate and/or adaptive immunity and compromise pathogen recognition and memory against future infections. Furthermore, environmental pollutants can play a pivotal role in the development and exacerbation of many chronic respiratory diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that environmental pollutants elicit sex-specific effects across different species. This review highlights recent findings on the intricate interplay between sex differences and immune-related effects induced by environmental pollutants, with a particular focus on the dysregulation of pulmonary immune responses.
环境污染物会对各种生理过程产生不利影响，影响呼吸系统和免疫系统等系统。免疫反应受多种因素影响，包括年龄、激素状态、遗传背景，尤其是性别，其影响涉及固有免疫和适应性免疫。外部因素，如环境污染物，也会破坏固有免疫和/或适应性免疫，损害病原体识别以及对未来感染的记忆。此外，环境污染物在许多慢性呼吸道疾病的发生和加重过程中起着关键作用。越来越明显的是，环境污染物在不同物种中会引发性别特异性效应。本综述重点介绍了关于性别差异与环境污染物诱导的免疫相关效应之间复杂相互作用的最新研究结果，尤其关注肺部免疫反应的失调。
