Millogo Kié Solange, Zabré Adjaratou, Sondo Paul, Kaboré Bérenger, Kouevi Amélé Fifi Chantal, Compaoré Eulalie W, Bayala Ipéné Mylène Carenne, Ismaïla Bouda, Hien So-Vii Franck, Rouamba Toussaint, Kazienga Adama, Derra Karim, Rouamba Eli, Tahita Marc Christian, Ouédraogo Florence, Ilboudo Hamidou, Bamba Sanata, Tinto Halidou
Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/ Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA)/Université Nazi Boni, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Malariaworld J. 2025 Mar 17;16:5. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.15039792. eCollection 2025.
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is an effective malaria preventive intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. As with other drug-based interventions, large-scale deployment increases drug pressure, which may result in drug-resistant parasite strains thereby jeopardising the impact of the intervention. Mutations in and genes are known to be associated with resistance to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, respectively, making the surveillance of molecular markers crucial in settings where SMC is widely applied. This study aimed at assessing the distribution of and alleles before and after the 2021 annual campaign of SMC in the health district of Nanoro in Burkina Faso.
Randomly selected dried blood spots collected prior (n=100) and after (n=100) the 2021 SMC campaign were used for the detection of mutation in codons 51, 59 and 108 of the gene and in codons 437 and 540 of gene using a nested PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism approach.
The prevalence of and mutant alleles were very high before and after SMC, ranging from 88.42% to 97.98%. However, no significant change in the prevalence of and mutant alleles was observed in the period before and after SMC campaign (p>0.05). No mutation was observed in codon 540. In addition, the prevalence of the triple mutant and - quadruple mutant was higher in the study area but with no significant variation before and after SMC campaign (p>0.05). .
The prevalence of and mutant alleles were higher either in pre or post SMC. However, no significant variation in the prevalence of these alleles was observed following the SMC campaign suggesting that these high mutation frequencies may be the result of continuous use of SMC in Burkina Faso since 2014.
季节性疟疾化学预防（SMC）是撒哈拉以南非洲一种有效的疟疾预防干预措施。与其他基于药物的干预措施一样，大规模部署会增加药物压力，这可能导致产生耐药寄生虫菌株，从而危及干预措施的效果。已知二氢叶酸还原酶（DHFR）和二氢蝶酸合酶（DHPS）基因中的突变分别与对磺胺多辛和乙胺嘧啶的耐药性相关，因此在广泛应用SMC的地区监测分子标记至关重要。本研究旨在评估2021年布基纳法索纳诺罗卫生区年度SMC活动前后DHFR和DHPS等位基因的分布情况。
随机选取2021年SMC活动之前（n = 100）和之后（n = 100）采集的干血斑，采用巢式聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测DHFR基因第51、59和108密码子以及DHPS基因第437和540密码子中的突变。
SMC活动前后，DHFR和DHPS突变等位基因的流行率都非常高，范围在88.42%至97.98%之间。然而，在SMC活动前后期间未观察到DHFR和DHPS突变等位基因流行率的显著变化（p>0.05）。在DHPS第540密码子中未观察到突变。此外，研究区域内DHFR三重突变体和DHPS四重突变体的流行率较高，但在SMC活动前后无显著差异（p>0.05）。
SMC活动前后，DHFR和DHPS突变等位基因的流行率都较高。然而，在SMC活动之后未观察到这些等位基因流行率的显著变化，这表明这些高突变频率可能是自2014年以来布基纳法索持续使用SMC的结果。
