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死亡与民族主义的道德律令:英国之战、工业与“被遗忘者”

Death and Nationalism's Moral Imperative: The Battle for Britain, Industry and the 'Left Behind'.

作者信息

Harries Bethan

机构信息

Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

出版信息

Br J Sociol. 2025 Sep;76(4):715-724. doi: 10.1111/1468-4446.13209. Epub 2025 Mar 24.

Abstract

This paper is concerned with how nationalism is convened and condensed in this moment by exploring the function of loss and death and their centrality to nationalism's articulation. The discussion attempts to make sense of how death possesses an ideological currency that wields an alluring quality and equips nationalism with a moral imperative. This focus is stimulated by the abundant rhetoric which draws on real, mythologised and metaphorical deaths, to imply the 'killing off' of our communities, our industrial heartlands, our values, our nation, etc., and which has been a perennial feature of English nationalisms but which has intensified since the Brexit campaigns, their enduring legacy and the general move to the right. The racialised dimensions of these arguments are recognised as vital to reveal the close imbrication of the narration of race, class and nation and the various claims made through their articulation with death, including how this underpins who is worth saving and not. Indeed, the key aim of the paper is to demonstrate nationalism's capacity to simultaneously produce the moral imperative for sacrifice for authentic (often white working class) subjects and the brutal abandonment of racialised 'others' for the sake of the longevity of the nation. In short, it seeks to better understand how lives are said to matter and not, especially in times of economic hardship. I propose that the integrity of the nation claims to be reliant on the sacrifices of the, implicitly white working-class 'left behind' via austerity, Brexit and beyond, but that this is simultaneously contingent on the brutal abandonment of racialised others.

摘要

本文通过探讨损失与死亡的作用及其在民族主义表达中的核心地位,来关注当下民族主义是如何被召集和凝聚的。讨论试图弄清楚死亡如何拥有一种意识形态上的影响力,这种影响力具有诱人的特质,并赋予民族主义一种道德使命。这种关注点受到了大量修辞的激发,这些修辞借鉴了真实的、神话化的和隐喻的死亡,暗示我们的社区、工业中心地带、价值观、国家等被“扼杀”,这一直是英国民族主义的一个长期特征,但自脱欧运动、其持久的遗产以及总体上向右翼的转变以来,这种情况有所加剧。这些论点的种族化层面被认为对于揭示种族、阶级和民族叙事的紧密交织以及通过与死亡的关联所提出的各种主张至关重要,包括这种关联如何支撑哪些人值得拯救而哪些人不值得。事实上,本文的关键目标是展示民族主义有能力同时为真实的(通常是白人工人阶级)主体产生牺牲的道德使命,并为了国家的长久利益而残酷抛弃被种族化的“他者”。简而言之,它试图更好地理解生命如何被认为重要或不重要,尤其是在经济困难时期。我认为,国家的完整性声称依赖于通过紧缩政策、脱欧及其他方式隐含地牺牲白人工人阶级“被遗忘者”,但这同时又取决于对被种族化的他者的残酷抛弃。

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