Kaikkolante Nimisha, Katneni Vinaya Kumar, Palliyath Gangaraj Karyath, Jangam Ashok Kumar, Syamadayal Jagabattulla, Krishnan Karthic, Prabhudas Sudheesh Kommu, Shekhar Mudagandur Shashi
Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India.
Mol Genet Genomics. 2025 Mar 24;300(1):35. doi: 10.1007/s00438-025-02242-w.
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been a major threat in shrimp farming system especially for penaeid shrimps. The lack of effective control measures for WSSV makes this disease a significant threat to aquaculture. This study seeks to explore the mechanisms of WSSV infection and its impact on shrimp by examining host-pathogen interactions (HPI) through in silico approach, which can offer valuable insights into the processes of infection and disease progression. The investigation focused on five Penaeus species, including Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus japonicus, and Penaeus indicus, studying their interaction with the WSSV. This study employed orthology-based and domain-driven analyses to reveal protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the host and the pathogen. The combined strategies were found to be effective in detecting shared molecular mechanisms in pathogenesis, unveiling intricate PPI networks critical for virulence and host response. Most interacting proteins in WSSV are immediate early proteins involved in DNA replication and proliferation, and are crucial for ubiquitination, transcription regulation, and nucleotide metabolism. A large number of host proteins interact with WSSV across species (2360-11,704 interactions), with P. chinensis (11,704) and P. japonicus (11,458) exhibiting the highest counts, suggesting greater susceptibility or response. Host hub proteins are crucial in signaling, cellular processes, and metabolism, interacting across the cytoplasm, nucleus, and membrane, highlighting their role in WSSV pathogenesis. This study provides essential insights into host-pathogen interactions, offering a foundation for future research aimed at improving WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）一直是对虾养殖系统中的主要威胁，尤其是对 penaeid 对虾而言。缺乏针对 WSSV 的有效控制措施使得这种疾病成为水产养殖的重大威胁。本研究旨在通过计算机模拟方法研究宿主 - 病原体相互作用（HPI），以探索 WSSV 的感染机制及其对虾的影响，这可为感染和疾病进展过程提供有价值的见解。调查集中在五种对虾物种上，包括南美白对虾、中国对虾、斑节对虾、日本对虾和印度对虾，研究它们与 WSSV 的相互作用。本研究采用基于直系同源和结构域驱动的分析来揭示宿主与病原体之间的蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用（PPI）。发现这些联合策略在检测发病机制中的共享分子机制方面是有效的，揭示了对毒力和宿主反应至关重要的复杂 PPI 网络。WSSV 中大多数相互作用蛋白是参与 DNA 复制和增殖的立即早期蛋白，对泛素化、转录调控和核苷酸代谢至关重要。大量宿主蛋白跨物种与 WSSV 相互作用（2360 - 11704 次相互作用），中国对虾（11704 次）和日本对虾（11458 次）的相互作用次数最多，表明它们具有更高的易感性或反应性。宿主枢纽蛋白在信号传导、细胞过程和代谢中至关重要，在细胞质、细胞核和细胞膜之间相互作用，突出了它们在 WSSV 发病机制中的作用。本研究为宿主 - 病原体相互作用提供了重要见解，为未来旨在改善对虾养殖中 WSSV 控制的研究奠定了基础。
