Almuaythir Sultan, Zaini Muhammad Syamsul Imran, Hasan Muzamir, Hoque Md Ikramul
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan , Pahang, Malaysia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 25;15(1):10186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94980-5.
This study investigates the effectiveness of using various agricultural waste ashes-namely eggshell ash (ESA), clamshell ash (CSA), cockle shell ash (CKSA), and oyster shell ash (OSA)-for the stabilization of expansive clay soils (ECS). Laboratory experiments assessed the impacts of these ashes on the soil's consistency limits, shrink-swell behavior, compaction properties, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear strength, and mineralogical and microstructural characteristics. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of agricultural waste ashes significantly improved the ECS properties by reducing plasticity from 29.6 up to 7.84%, increasing shrinkage limit from 15.55 to 33.06%, reducing free sweeling index from 57 to 39.66%, and enhancing UCS and shear strength from 114.64 to 1509.95 kPa. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of cementitious compounds that contributed to a denser and more robust soil structure. This research highlights the potential of these waste materials in sustainable soil stabilization, supporting environmental conservation and infrastructure resilience while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
本研究调查了使用各种农业废弃物灰烬——即蛋壳灰（ESA）、蛤壳灰（CSA）、鸟蛤壳灰（CKSA）和牡蛎壳灰（OSA）——来稳定膨胀性黏土（ECS）的有效性。实验室实验评估了这些灰烬对土壤稠度界限、胀缩特性、压实特性、无侧限抗压强度（UCS）、抗剪强度以及矿物学和微观结构特征的影响。结果表明，添加农业废弃物灰烬显著改善了膨胀性黏土的性能，使塑性从29.6%降低至7.84%，收缩界限从15.55%提高至33.06%，自由膨胀指数从57降低至39.66%，并使无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度从114.64 kPa提高至1509.95 kPa。微观结构分析揭示了胶凝化合物的形成，这有助于形成更致密、更坚固的土壤结构。本研究突出了这些废料在可持续土壤稳定方面的潜力，在支持环境保护和基础设施恢复力的同时，与可持续发展目标（SDGs）保持一致。
