Paslı Bahattin, Ülkir Mehmet, Günenç Beşer Ceren
Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sıhhiye, Çankaya, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2025 Mar 25;47(1):102. doi: 10.1007/s00276-025-03611-1.
Vascularization of bones is crucial for bone growth and repair. The nutrient artery, passing through the nutrient foramen, is key to bone blood supply, but its impact on fracture healing and complications is not fully understood. The study aims to investigate the morphology and location of the nutrient foramen in the femoral diaphysis and to understand its clinical implications for fractures.
In this study, 88 adult dry femurs of unknown age and sex were examined. The characteristics of the nutrient foramina, including number, size, direction, and localization were evaluated. The foraminal index [(distance from foramen to proximal end of femur/total length of femur) × 100], was employed to categorize the regions [Region-I, 0-33.33; Region-II, 33.34-66.66; Region-III 66.67-100].
The majority of the femurs had one or two foramina (92.94%). Of the total number of nutrient foramina, 121 (97.58%) were directed towards the proximal end, while three (2.42%) were horizontal. The majority of foramina were detected in sizes 18G (34.67%) and 20G (27.42%). All nutrient foramina were found on the posterior surface of the femur and adjacent to linea aspera. Sixteen nutrient foramina were located (12.90%) in Region-I, 104 (83.87%) in Region-II, and 4 (3.23%) in Region-III.
The nutrient foramina were typically located in the middle third of femur, adjacent to linea aspera on the posterior surface of femur. This observation indicates that the anterior surface is safer for surgery, while caution is needed near the linea aspera on the posterior surface.
骨骼的血管化对于骨骼生长和修复至关重要。穿过滋养孔的滋养动脉是骨骼血液供应的关键，但它对骨折愈合和并发症的影响尚未完全了解。本研究旨在调查股骨干中滋养孔的形态和位置，并了解其对骨折的临床意义。
本研究检查了88根年龄和性别不详的成人干燥股骨。评估了滋养孔的特征，包括数量、大小、方向和定位。采用孔指数[（孔到股骨近端的距离/股骨总长度）×100]对区域进行分类[区域I，0-33.33；区域II，33.34-66.66；区域III，66.67-100]。
大多数股骨有一个或两个孔（92.94%）。在所有滋养孔中，121个（97.58%）指向近端，而3个（2.42%）为水平方向。大多数孔的大小为18G（34.67%）和20G（27.42%）。所有滋养孔均位于股骨后表面且与粗线相邻。16个滋养孔位于区域I（12.90%），104个位于区域II（83.87%），4个位于区域III（3.23%）。
滋养孔通常位于股骨中1/3，在股骨后表面与粗线相邻。这一观察结果表明，前表面手术更安全，而后表面粗线附近手术时需要谨慎。
