Choi Hyunkyung, Han Min Su, Cho Nam-Chul, Hwang Heewon, Sun Gwang Min, Uhm Young Rang
HANARO Utilization Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
Department of Heritage Science and Technology Studies, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Heritage, Buyeo, 33115, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 25;15(1):10207. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95196-3.
Iron artifacts undergo complex corrosion processes, depending on the burial environment. Understanding the formation mechanism of corrosion products is crucial for preservation of artifacts and helps design strategies for future iron artifacts protection. Mössbauer spectroscopy was primarily utilized in this work to analyze the corrosion products formed on iron artifacts. The corrosion products were identified as consisting of goethite, lepidocrocite, magnetite, and maghemite. Low-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed for the accurate identification and quantitative analysis of superparamagnetic iron corrosion products. The results indicated that the surface corrosion products mainly consist of goethite and superparamagnetic goethite, with small amounts of lepidocrocite, magnetite, and/or maghemite. A cross-sectional analysis of the corrosion layers on an artifact was performed to better understand the corrosion products and their formation mechanisms. The products formed in different sections (metal, intermediate, and surface) of the corrosion layers on the iron artifact were identified, and a corrosion mechanism was proposed. The intermediate layer adjacent to the metal contains magnetite, maghemite, and lepidocrocite. The results presented in this study provide a deeper understanding of the iron corrosion process, laying a solid foundation for the development of an effective strategy for preserving iron artifacts.
铁质文物会经历复杂的腐蚀过程，这取决于埋藏环境。了解腐蚀产物的形成机制对于文物保护至关重要，并有助于设计未来铁质文物保护策略。在这项工作中，主要利用穆斯堡尔光谱来分析铁质文物上形成的腐蚀产物。已鉴定出腐蚀产物由针铁矿、纤铁矿、磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿组成。进行了低温穆斯堡尔光谱分析，以准确鉴定和定量分析超顺磁性铁腐蚀产物。结果表明，表面腐蚀产物主要由针铁矿和超顺磁性针铁矿组成，还有少量纤铁矿、磁铁矿和/或磁赤铁矿。对一件文物上的腐蚀层进行了横截面分析，以更好地了解腐蚀产物及其形成机制。确定了在铁质文物腐蚀层不同部分（金属、中间和表面）形成的产物，并提出了一种腐蚀机制。与金属相邻的中间层含有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和纤铁矿。本研究结果为深入了解铁的腐蚀过程提供了依据，为制定有效的铁质文物保护策略奠定了坚实基础。
