Bramness Jørgen G, Rognli Eline Borger, Høye Anne, Heiberg Ina H
Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 25;25(1):285. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06753-z.
The study aim was to compare patients with alcohol-induced psychosis (AIP) and delirium tremens (DT) with patients with alcohol dependency (AD) only. Using data from Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) we investigated demographic characteristics, mortality, and physical and mental health comorbidities, among individuals with AIP or DT compared with AD patients.
Data from NPR was used to create a cohort of patients aged 20-79 diagnosed with either AIP, DT or AD, from 2009 to 2015. If patients received more than one of these diagnoses, AIP and DT were prioritized. For patients with both AIP and DT, the earliest diagnosis took priority, except when the diagnoses were assigned simultaneously, when DT was prioritized. Data on comorbidities were taken from NPR, while cause of death was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Estimates were compared using chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni adjustments for multiple testing. Mortality was analysed using Cox regression models and by calculating standardized mortality ratios, adjusting for age and gender.
The cohort included 33 107 patients diagnosed with AD, 1 784 with DT, and 700 with AIP. AIP patients were the youngest. DT patients displayed significantly higher mortality rates, with an annual rate of 8.0%, and generally increased comorbidity rates. AIP patients showed significantly higher rates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared to both AD and DT patients, highlighting a potential link between AIP and psychotic disorders.
This study reveals that patients with DT experience higher morbidity and mortality rates compared to those with AIP and AD. AIP patients did not show increased all-cause or cause-specific mortality compared to AD patients across a variety of causes. Notably, AIP seemed to be more closely linked to comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorders than AD and DT patients. The findings underscore the complexities of AIP in relation to schizophrenia and highlight significant differences in health outcomes among the three patient groups.
本研究旨在比较酒精所致精神病（AIP）和震颤谵妄（DT）患者与仅患有酒精依赖（AD）的患者。利用挪威患者登记处（NPR）的数据，我们调查了AIP或DT患者与AD患者的人口统计学特征、死亡率以及身心健康合并症。
利用NPR的数据创建了一个队列，其中包括2009年至2015年期间诊断为AIP、DT或AD的20至79岁患者。如果患者获得了这些诊断中的不止一种，则优先考虑AIP和DT。对于同时患有AIP和DT的患者，最早的诊断优先，除非诊断是同时分配的，此时优先考虑DT。合并症数据来自NPR，而死亡原因则从挪威死亡原因登记处获得。使用卡方检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验进行估计比较，并对多重检验进行Bonferroni校正。使用Cox回归模型并通过计算标准化死亡率比来分析死亡率，并对年龄和性别进行调整。
该队列包括33107名诊断为AD的患者、1784名诊断为DT的患者和700名诊断为AIP的患者。AIP患者最年轻。DT患者的死亡率显著更高，年死亡率为8.0%，且合并症发生率普遍较高。与AD和DT患者相比，AIP患者的精神分裂症谱系障碍发生率显著更高，这突出了AIP与精神障碍之间的潜在联系。
本研究表明，与AIP和AD患者相比，DT患者的发病率和死亡率更高。与AD患者相比，AIP患者在各种原因下的全因死亡率或特定原因死亡率均未增加。值得注意的是，与AD和DT患者相比，AIP似乎与合并精神分裂症谱系障碍的联系更为密切。这些发现强调了AIP与精神分裂症相关的复杂性，并突出了这三组患者健康结局的显著差异。
