Jain Mukul, Patil Nil, Mohammed Arifullah, Hamzah Zulhazman
Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Research & Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
J Food Sci. 2025 Mar;90(3):e70152. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.70152.
A multifunctional crop, garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to Amaryllidaceae family. It is of high medicinal, nutraceutical, and culinary importance. Its products, including essential oil, aged garlic extract, aged black garlic, and garlic powder, are a potential storehouse of organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, and saponins with diverse biological properties, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardio-protective properties. These developments recently drew in significant therapeutic powers through a better control mechanism in chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative conditions, and hypertension. The processing of garlic byproducts usually increases their efficacy through the improvement of bioavailability and reducibility of undesirable characteristics such as odor. More so, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted methods have improved isolation yields of bioactive compounds with stronger stability. This review puts emphasis on the biochemical composition and biological properties of garlic byproducts, underlining their use as sustainable and effective natural medicine sources. The findings have placed an emphasis on the use of garlic byproducts in functional foods and pharmaceutical preparations to deal with global health challenges. Future research should be aimed at eliciting information on pharmacokinetics, safety, and long-term efficacy of these byproducts from garlic in order to fully appraise them in the clinical field.
大蒜（Allium sativum L.）是一种多功能作物，属于石蒜科。它在药用、营养保健和烹饪方面具有重要意义。其产品，包括精油、陈化大蒜提取物、陈化黑蒜和大蒜粉，是有机硫化合物、黄酮类化合物和皂苷的潜在宝库，具有多种生物学特性，包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和心脏保护特性。这些进展最近通过对包括癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和高血压在内的慢性疾病的更好控制机制，展现出显著的治疗功效。大蒜副产品的加工通常通过提高生物利用度和减少不良特性（如气味）的可还原性来提高其功效。此外，超临界流体萃取和超声辅助方法提高了具有更强稳定性的生物活性化合物的分离产率。本综述重点关注大蒜副产品的生化组成和生物学特性，强调它们作为可持续和有效的天然药物来源的用途。研究结果强调了大蒜副产品在功能性食品和药物制剂中的应用，以应对全球健康挑战。未来的研究应旨在获取有关大蒜这些副产品的药代动力学、安全性和长期疗效的信息，以便在临床领域对它们进行全面评估。
